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Pollution analysis and quality assessment of heavy metals in the Batanghari River Water, Jambi, Indonesia Badariah, Badariah; Heraningsih, Sarah Fiebrina; Rainiyati, Rainiyati; Yulistian, Saldi; Jauza, Zia
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10595

Abstract

The Batanghari River is currently under serious threat due to extensive anthropogenic activities, including illegal gold mining, domestic waste discharge, and industrial effluents. This study aimed to evaluate the biogeochemical characteristics and the extent of heavy metal contamination in the Batanghari River water. Pollution indices, including the Single Factor Pollution Index (Pi), Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), were calculated to assess contamination levels and ecological risk. The results showed that the Batanghari River is heavily contaminated with heavy metals, with NPI values ranging from 4.05 to 35.8, exceeding the threshold for severe pollution (NPI>3.0). Mercury (Hg) was identified as the dominant pollutant, followed by cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). The high Hg concentration is associated with illegal gold mining activities along the riverbanks. The computed PLI values (2.7-5.1) and Cd values (>24) confirmed deterioration in the river water quality. PERI analysis revealed very high ecological risk at several sites, with values up to 1,298, mainly attributed to Hg and Cd toxicity. Without proper treatment, the Batanghari River is no longer suitable for direct use, posing significant ecological and human health risks. Without proper treatment, the Batanghari River is no longer suitable for direct use, posing significant ecological and human health risks.
Mercury removal from gold mining wastewater using palm oil fuel ash (POFA) Rainiyati, Rainiyati; Riduan, Ahmad; Heraningsih, Sarah Fiebrina; Mukhtasida, Bunga Andari
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 9 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2022.093.3525

Abstract

Mercury is a harmful element that commonly accumulates in the environment through anthropogenic activities such as gold mining. This study aimed to examine the use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as an agricultural waste to remove mercury in gold mining wastewater. The technology applied in this study was adsorption and precipitation. POFA was first washed until neutral then mixed with gold mining effluent with time variation of 30, 60, 90 minutes. Next, precipitate it for 30 minutes. The adsorbent dose used in this study was 250 mg with 1 litre effluent. The maximum adsorption efficiency observed in this study was 96.77%. The utilization of POFA as an adsorbent reduced mercury levels in wastewater below the allowed released mercury level to the environment (0.0025 mg Hg/L). Results indicate that reducing mercury from gold mining wastewater by utilizing POFA was simple, effective, and low-cost to be implemented.
Minimizing river pollution by batik dye wastewater using palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as an environmentally friendly, low-cost adsorbent alternative Riduan, Ahmad; Rainiyati, Rainiyati; Heraningsih, Sarah Fiebrina; Badariah, Badariah
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2022.101.3981

Abstract

The rise of the batik industry in Jambi Province causes the accumulation of waste in the environment. Disposal of batik dye wastewater directly into the environment is one source of heavy metals entering the river. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), as a part of waste originating from combustion residues of oil palm, is potential to be used as a low-cost adsorbent in overcoming the batik dye wastewater problem. The POFA is also potential to be used in the removal of heavy metals and chemical and organic compounds in industrial waste treatment. This paper reported the potential use of POFA and the modification of POFA as batik dye adsorbents in overcoming waste problems from the batik industry. Results of this study showed that POFA could adsorb the dye in batik waste with up to 22% removal efficiency and adsorption capacity up to 62 mg/g. The isotherm adsorption in this study was in accordance with the Freundlich model that showed adsorption occurred at multi-layer and heterogeneous surfaces. The adsorption process occurred endothermically and spontaneously.
Heavy metal contamination of Batanghari River, Jambi, Indonesia: determination based on sediment enrichment factor value Badariah, Badariah; Sukmawati, Nisa; Heraningsih, Sarah Fiebrina; Rainiyati, Rainiyati; Riduan, Ahmad; Putri, Riski Dwimalida
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 10 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2023.104.4761

Abstract

Batanghari River is the primary source of water for the people of Jambi. Batanghari River’s condition nowadays is worrying because its color is no longer clear. This research focused on determining the content of heavy metals in the Batanghari River's water and sediment. The conducted analysis is an ICP-MS analysis to determine the level of heavy metal (Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Hg), and an enrichment factor calculation is conducted to determine the source of pollution. The enrichment factor value from the Batanghari River sediment sample declined with the following sequence Cd>Hg>Cu>Cr>Co, in 10 pinpoint locations. These indicate a high degree of anthropogenic activities along the Batanghari River which become the source of heavy metals entering the Batanghari River. The average concentration of heavy metals in the Batanghari River showed that the metal concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Hg are higher than the quality standards that have been set, whereas the metal concentrations of Cr and Co are still by the quality standards that have been set in PP 22 the year 2021.