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All Journal Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia MANUSKRIPTA
Wijayanto, Muhammad Heno
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Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Aji Saraswati Merapi-Merbabu: Transformasi Teks Bhimaswarga Sebagai Panduan Ritual Literasi di Gunung Lawu Abad Ke-16 Wijayanto, Muhammad Heno; Suparta, I Made
Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara Vol. 14 No. 2 (2023): Desember
Publisher : Perpustakaan Nasional RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37014/jumantara.v14i2.4086

Abstract

Aji Saraswati (AS) is a text that contains guidelines for literacy rituals in the Shivaist tradition in Indonesia. In general, the majority of known AS texts originate from the Shivaism tradition in Bali, while the Javanese tradition is not yet widely known. This research discusses AS texts originating from the Javanese tradition, especially the Merapi-Merbabu scriptorium collection. The AS text originating from the Merapi-Merbabu scriptorium is a collection of fragments originating from the hipograms of the text Bhima Swarga (BhS). The aim of this research is to apply intertextuality studies between AS MM texts and BhS as their hypograms. The intertextuality study was then carried out by functional analysis based on the sequences in the hypograms text which were transformed into AS MM text. This research uses a qualitative approach. Philological work steps such as inventory, description, text comparison, text edition, and translation are carried out in this study to produce text editions that can be understood by the wider community. Rifattere's theory of intertextuality (expansion and conversion) and Pradotokusumo (modification and excerpt) is used in this study to determine the hypogrammatic phenomena in AS MM text from hipogram text. The results of this study are that there are eight text sequences that are transformed into AS MM text. The eight transformed sequences include: (1) Position of Goddess Saraswati; (2) Physiological elements (3) Trikaya Paramartha's association with aspects of manuscript production; (4) Position of vowel or swara characters; (5) The essence of the aspect of duality; (6) The Reality of Om Awighnamastu; (7) Literacy ritual spells; and (8) God's association with fire. The entire transformation sequence of hypograms text into AS MM text is a transformation from narrative prose text in strict form to mantra text. The text of the spell in AS MM is used in literacy rituals in the Merapi-Merbabu scriptorium environment.
MAKNA SIMBOLIK DALAM TEKS AJI SARASWATI TRADISI SIWAISME JAWA DAN BALI: SUATU STUDI PERBANDINGAN Wijayanto, Muhammad Heno; Suparta, I Made
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 20 No 2 (2022): Bahasa Inggris
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (750.196 KB) | DOI: 10.31291/jlka.v20i2.1079

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the texts of Aji Saraswati (AS) from three texts of Shivaism's traditions in Java and Bali. The data sources used in this study are the texts of Aji Saraswati (AS), Bhimaswarga (BhS), and Jatawedana (JW), which are ancient manuscripts and have transformed into text editions. Philological work steps were carried out to process data in the form of ancient manuscripts and literature studies to collect data in the form of text editions of previous studies. In data analysis, this research used comparative or comparative literature studies. This study found that there are comparisons in the form of similarities and differences in symbolical meaning in structure, written media, and mysticism in Aji Saraswati in various texts from Java to Bali. This comparison can be evidence of the transmission of texts to various regions from Java to Bali. It then rebuts common assumption that this Shivaism literature was originated in Bali and transmitted to the other regions in Indonesia. Keywords: Aji Saraswati, Balinese, Compa­rative Studies, Javanese, Symbolical Meaning,   ABSTRAK    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perbandingan pada teks Aji Saraswati (AS) dari tiga tradisi teks keagamaan Siwa di Jawa dan Bali. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teks Aji Saraswati (AS), Bhimaswarga (BhS), dan Jatawedana (JW), baik manus­krip kuno maupun yang sudah menjadi edisi teks. Langkah kerja filologi dilakukan untuk mengolah data yang berupa manuskrip kuno dan studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan data berupa edisi teks penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Dalam analisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan studi sastra bandingan atau komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbandingan berupa persamaan dan perbedaan makna simbolik dari struktur, media tulis, maupun mistisme dalam Aji Saraswati di berbagai teks dari Jawa hingga Bali. Perbandingan tersebut dapat menjadi bukti adanya transmisi teks ke berbagai daerah dari Jawa hingga Bali. Studi ini membantah asumsi bahwa literatur Siwaisme berasal dari Bali dan tersebar ke wilayah lain di Indonesia.  Kata kunci: Aji Saraswati, Bali, Jawa, Makna simbolik, Sstudi Perbandingan.
Esoteris-Mistik dalam Teks Pangujanan Wijayanto, Muhammad Heno; Suparta, I Made
Manuskripta Vol 11 No 2 (2021): Manuskripta
Publisher : Masyarakat Pernaskahan Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33656/manuskripta.v11i2.127

Abstract

Pangujanan is a Javanese-Bali text containing means and spells to making rain based on local wisdom of Balinese culture. This aims of this research to examine the esoteric and mystical aspects contained in the Pangujanan text. The theoretical basis used in this research is philoethnography to reveal the esoteric and mystical in the Pangujanan text. The result is esoteric aspects that are prohibitive and guiding, as well as mystical aspects in the form of presenting the power of Iadewata 'Dewa Pujaan' to a practitioner through mentioning aspects of Iṣṭadewata, such as Kanda Mpat, Pañcaṛṣi, Catur Lokapala, Dewata Nawasanga, and Daśākṣara to bring down rain. The causality between esotericism and mysticism is that bringing Iṣṭadewata into the soul is secret and limited to certain circles. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the esoteric-mystical aspect that involves God in it is a symbol that God's involvement in all aspects of life is still considered important. === Pangujanan merupakan teks berbahasa Jawa-Bali berisi sarana dan mantra untuk menurunkan hujan berdasarkan kearifan lokal budaya Bali. Penelitian ini mencoba menelaah aspek-aspek esoteris dan mistik yang terdapat dalam teks Pangujanan. Landasan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah filoetnografi untuk mengungkap esoteris dan mistik dalam teks Pangujanan. Hasilnya adalah aspek-aspek yang bersifat esoterik bersifat larangan dan tuntunan, serta aspek yang bersifat mistik berupa menghadirkan kekuatan Iṣṭadewata ‘Dewa Pujaan’ kepada seorang praktisi melalui penyebutan aspek-aspek dari Iṣṭadewata, seperti Kanda Mpat, Pañcaṛṣi, Catur Lokapala, Dewata Nawasanga, dan Daśākṣara untuk menurunkan hujan. Kausalitas antara esoteris dan mistik adalah menghadirkan Iṣṭadewata ke dalam jiwa bersifat rahasia dan terbatas untuk kalangan tertentu saja. Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa aspek esoteris-mistik yang melibatkan Tuhan di dalamnya merupakan simbol bahwa keterlibatan Tuhan dalam segala aspek kehidupan masih dianggap penting.
Tracing the transformation of the "ruwatan" rituals in Java from the fifteenth to the twenty–first century Wijayanto, Muhammad Heno; Suparta, I Made; Setyani, Turita Indah
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This article explores the transformation of ruwatan (purification) rituals in Java from the fifteenth century to the twenty-first century, focusing on the changes that occurred based on archaeological relics and texts related to ruwatan rituals. A thorough study in connecting archaeological relics, such as reliefs in Sukuh Temple, with puja (ritual worship) texts used in ruwatan rituals and the transformation of these texts from their origins within Kawi culture through to the Islamic period and the present day, has not been attempted. This research aims to identify and analyse the transformation of ruwatan rituals from the fifteenth century, as reflected in the reliefs at Sukuh Temple and in texts such as Aji Saraswati and Bhīma Swarga, to texts of the modern era, including the Serat Centhini, Serat Hong Ilaheng, and Lakon Wayang Ruwatan Murwakala. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining archaeological and manuscript-based research, this study shows how ruwatan rituals remain relevant and adapt to the changing socio-cultural context of Java, maintaining cosmological balance and strengthening the order of Javanese society over time.
Co-Authors I Made Suparta Turita Indah Setyani