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All Journal International Journal of Supply Chain Management International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense
Bakar, Ahmad Naqiyuddin
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mathematics Physics Transportation

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Halal Risk Management in the Internet Age Bakar, Ahmad Naqiyuddin; Jaafar, Harlina Suzana; Matulidi, Nornadia
International Journal of Supply Chain Management Vol 9, No 5 (2020): International Journal of Supply Chain Management (IJSCM)
Publisher : ExcelingTech

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59160/ijscm.v9i5.4230

Abstract

This paper aims to evaluate the nature of halal risk management by focusing on the advent of online business. Globally, there is a growing trend of halal trading activities from inbound to outbound stages in a virtual marketplace utilising the advancement of online technology. With reference to MS 2400: 2010, an organization must establish a Halalan-Toyyiban Risk Management Plan (HTRMP) following the principles outlined in the standard. This means, beside Halal, the elements for Toyyib should also be considered during risk management, namely the physical, chemical and biological aspects. However, as the Halal items or services originated and processed from all parts of the world, the question of whether these products are genuinely Halal lingers in the minds of the Halal consumers especially among the Muslim communities. Thus, with the complexity of the current world virtual trade scenario, we found the Halal consumers are bound to be sceptical on whether the particular items or products being traded are indeed produced in accordance with the Halal principles and Sharia law or whether it can be construed as Halal when it has to undergo various interfaces in its entire cycle of logistics. The impact of the technology is heavily depending upon the awareness. And the relationship between different stakeholders during the process is another main cause of the risks.
Pandemic shock and regional economic resilience in Indonesia: A linear mixed model Novalia; Ramadhan, Bima; Pradana, Kenny Candra; Bakar, Ahmad Naqiyuddin; Surjaatmadja, Surachman
International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for Nati
Publisher : FoundAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/app.sci.def.v4i1.1043

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a major non-traditional security threat, generating substantial economic disruptions and destabilizing labor markets worldwide. In Indonesia, the surge in open unemployment during the pandemic has raised concerns regarding regional economic resilience and its broader implications for national economic security. As unemployment can exacerbate social vulnerability and weaken adaptive capacity, understanding regional labor market dynamics is critical for strengthening national resilience. Aims: This study aims to examine the impact of pandemic-induced shocks on provincial open unemployment rates in Indonesia and assess regional heterogeneity in economic resilience. Method: The study employs provincial level panel data and applies a Linear Mixed Model (LMM) to capture both temporal effects and regional heterogeneity. The model incorporates pandemic indicators alongside structural economic variables, including informal employment and commodity distribution dynamics, to evaluate their roles as vulnerability factors or resilience buffers during the crisis period. Results: The findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the open unemployment rate in all provinces in Indonesia. This study also shows that the percentage of trade and transportation margins (MTT) for shallots influences the open unemployment rate with a p-value of 0.017 and a variable coefficient of 0.021. In addition, it was also found that the proportion of informal workers in the total national workforce also has a significant effect on changes in the open unemployment rate (p-value: 0.001, coefficient: -0.077). Another finding from this study is that the level of high school education does not have a significant effect on the open unemployment rate. Conclusion: This study on pandemic induced unemployment shocks contributes by integrating regional heterogeneity into economic resilience analysis using a multilevel modeling framework. Strengthening regional economic resilience through labor market flexibility, supply chain stability, and adaptive policy coordination is essential to safeguarding socioeconomic stability and reinforcing Indonesia’s national resilience against large-scale non-traditional threats.
Co-Authors Jaafar, Harlina Suzana Kenny Candra Pradana Matulidi, Nornadia Novalia Ramadhan, Bima Surachman Surjaatmadja