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All Journal Journal of Food and Life Sciences Jurnal Agroindustri
Khusumawati, Anggraeni Dwi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Public Health

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Solid State Fermentation of Citric Acid Production from Raja Banana Peels using Aspergillus niger (Effect of KH2PO4 as Phosphate Sources) Hidayat, MP., Nur; Khusumawati, Anggraeni Dwi; Perdani, Claudia Gadizza
Journal of Food and Life Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfls.2019.003.02.03

Abstract

Citric acid is the organic acid widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding KH2PO4 as phosphate source of citric acid production from Raja banana peels using Aspergillus niger.The research is used Completely Randomized Design. Concentration of phosphate addition of  KH2PO4(0%; 0.5%; 1%; 1.5%; and 2%). The fermentation process is done for 7 days. Addition of concentration of KH2PO4 1,5% percentage highest citric acid content that is equal to 38,4% with pH 2,96 and total lowest reducing sugar 36,47 mg/g. This is reinforced by FTIR analysis indicating the presence of citric acid.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPID FROM BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVA GROWN ON OKARA Majid, Zuliyan Agus Nur Muchlis; Arwani, Muhammad; Rohmanna, Novianti Adi; Deorato, Panji; Febrianto, Arie; Faradila, Rosevia Galuh; Khusumawati, Anggraeni Dwi
Jurnal Agroindustri Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : BPFP Faperta UNIB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31186/jagroindustri.16.1.72-86

Abstract

Okara is by-product of tofu production with a rich nutritional, mainly protein, lipid, and carbohydrate. Okara has the potential as diet food of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). In addition to waste management, BSFL produce high-lipids biomass that could be used as biodiesel materials. This research used a lipid extraction process with a microwave-assisted extraction method. Through rearing BSFL on Okara, 100 BSFL were harvested at the 14 days old. It was found the BSF-derived oil biomass had 35.40% lipid content and 40.44% protein content. The response surface methodology investigated the effect of sample-to-solvent ratio (1:3.1 - 1:8.83 w/v %) and extraction time (11.7-68.3 min) for minimum FFA, Acid value, and maximum yield. The optimum lipid yield was conducted to the esterification and trans-esterification process with 0.05 % H2SO4 in 98 % methanol at 60˚C for 1 hour. The optimal combination of the analysis results obtained a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:4 w/v and an extraction time of 60 minutes. The properties of BSF-derived oil biomass had 3.026% FFA, 6.004% Acid value, and 29.397% lipid yield. FAME from biodiesel derived from BSFl biomass was predominantly constitued about C12:0 at around 44.47%, followed by C18:2 at around 14.25%, and C16:0 at around 11.32%.
Co-Authors Arie Febrianto, Arie Claudia Gadizza Perdani, Claudia Gadizza Deorato, Panji Faradila, Rosevia Galuh Hidayat, MP., Nur Majid, Zuliyan Agus Nur Muchlis Muhammad Arwani Rohmanna, Novianti Adi