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Seismic and Tsunamis Vulnerability Assessment of the Shelter School Building Structure with and without Retrofitting Fauzan; Zev Al Jauhari; Geby Aryo Agista; Yokota, Atsushi; Masharya Eko Putra
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 11 No. 1 (January 2025)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.13432

Abstract

Understanding the vulnerability of school shelters to tsunamis is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies and increasing the resilience of coastal communities in the education sector. SDN 02 Sasak Ranah Pasisia, an elementary school in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia, had a shelter building constructed in 2010. However, the construction remains incomplete. A structural assessment using current Indonesian building codes and vulnerability analysis is necessary to proceed with construction and ensure the building’s strength against the working loads. Thestructural assessment revealed that several columns could not support the working load, necessitating local retrofitting. In this study, the retrofitting of the building was designed using concrete jacketing. Furthermore, structural fragility curves of the school building were developed before and after retrofitting against earthquake and tsunami loads. The seismic fragility curve was determined from the maximum displacement of the building for varied earthquake acceleration, using nonlinear time history dynamic response analysis scaled using the incremental dynamic analysis method and damage limits defined by ATC-40, characterized by Hazus. Meanwhile, the tsunami fragility curve was determined from the maximum displacement due to tsunami load for each variation of tsunami inundation depth. The vulnerability analysis results indicated that retrofitting the school building with concrete jacketing reduces the probability of building damage due to earthquake loads by 18% at the level of complete damage at a PGA of 0.520 g (based on the Indonesian Seismic Map). Similarly, it reduced the probability of building damage due to tsunami loads by 20%, at the level of complete damage corresponding to a tsunami wave height of 5.00 m for West Pasaman, Indonesia.
The Use of 16S rRNA and nodC Gene Sequence in Resolving The Phylogenetic Relationship of Rhizobia Associated With Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen Plant Prana, Titik K; Sone, Teruo; Kawasaki-Nakagawa, Hiroko; Yokota, Atsushi; Seki, Tatsuji; Tomita, Fusao
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 9 No. 1 (2004): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Studies on genetic position of several isolates living symbiotically on Paraserianthes falcataria have been carried out using amplification and sequencing techniques of 16S rDNA and specific gene for nodulation. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rDNA showed that rhizobia growing symbiotically on Paraserianthes falcataria consisted of 3 groups. The first group, was fast growing rhIzobia which have close relationship to Rhizobium tropicii, the second and the third groups were slow-growing rhizobia which have close relationship to Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. However, the phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of partial nodC gene indicated the existence of an independent group, since they did not show any significant degree of relationship with the existing groups. This was also supported by differences in physiological characteristic i.e Indole Acetic Acid production and salt tolerance of the isolates. These differences shows us that direct sequencing method of certain specific genes could give a more specific result than would display more clearly the degree of relationship at species level.