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Study on Synthesis of Solid Acid Catalyst from Borassus flabellifer L. Waste with Sulfonation Method: Kajian Sintesis Katalis Asam Padat dari Limbah Sabut Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.) dengan Metode Sulfonasi Kurniati, Yuni; Prasetya, Fandi Angga; Hanafi, Fathur Iqbal; Taufik, Nugroho Muchamad; Arifiyana, Djamilah
Journal of Pharmacy and Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021): Journal of Pharmacy and Science
Publisher : Akademi Farmasi Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53342/pharmasci.v6i2.224

Fiber of Borassus flabellifer L. includes agricultural wastes which containing lignocellulose components (hemicellulose and lignin) and high carbohydrate content. Siwalan coir fiber is quite potential to be used as a substrate in producing catalysts. Acid catalyst is one type of catalyst that as an important role in chemical process. This study aims to study the effect of the optimum mass ratio of carbon-KOH in the process of graphite synthesis based on siwalan charcoal so as to produce graphite with the most optimal characteristics, and optimum calcination temperature as a physical activation process in the synthesis of graphite based on siwalan coir fiber charcoal, and determine the time sulfonation which is optimum in producing acid catalysts There are 2 variables used in this study, temperature and sulfonation time. The method of making carbon is done by calcining to decompose the carbon source so that the composition is made according to what has been varied. After forming carbon-KOH composite, then sulfonation is carried out using sulfuric acid. The last step is to carry out the esterification step The process in this study discusses carboxylic acid, WCO (Cooking Oil Waste) and methanol (alcohol group).

Review Analisa Kondisi Optimum Dalam Proses Pembuatan Biogas Kurniati, Yuni; Rahmat, Anni; Malianto, Bilal Ivandra; Nandayani, Dita; Pratiwi, Wiwit Sri Werdi
Rekayasa Vol 14, No 2: Agustus 2021
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/rekayasa.v14i2.11305

Biogas is a gas produced by anaerobic activity with the process of decomposition (degradation) of organic materials. Biogas can be produced from several sources of methane, including domestic (household) waste, biodegradable waste, animal waste, or organic wastes that can be decomposed under anaerobic conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of various conditions (time, pH, stirring time and the type and concentration of inoculum) on biogas production and to analyze the optimum conditions in the biogas production process. This research was conducted with the factors that influence the process of making biogas. Based on the analysis results obtained several processes in the production of biogas, among others, hydrolysis, acetogenesis, asedogenesis, and methanogenesis. The results of the previous experiment were the optimal biogas research from tofu liquid waste, biogas produced with a volume of 26,700 ml, within 36 days and was obtained using an operating temperature of 35-40ᵒC and using cow dung inoculum, and using a 36 liter digester.

Kajian Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Limbah Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus. L) Kurniati, Yuni; Khasanah, Iis Elfy; Firdaus, Kurniawati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v10i2.6603

Ethanol is a fuel with a high octane number and is environmentally friendly. Bioethanol which can be made from biomass materials such as pineapple peel, is considered not to interfere with food security. With a fairly high carbohydrate and glucose content, pineapple can be converted into reducing sugars that can be fermented to produce ethanol. This study was conducted using the journal review method and aims to determine the mechanism, the variables that play the role, and the optimum conditions of fermentation in the manufacture of bioethanol from pineapple peel. The focus of the analysis was on hydrolysis, namely the type, concentration of the hydrolyzing agent, pH, temperature, and concentration of yeast in fermentation. The analysis from previous studies, the best hydrolysis was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes with a concentration of 1%-2%. The optimum pH of fermentation was found at pH 5 to pH 6, the fermentation temperature was 30 oC with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration of 1.5% â€“ 2%, and the optimum fermentation time occurred in the range of 48 to 96 hours. The high amount of reducing sugar produces a high amount of ethanol as well.

Kajian Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Limbah Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus. L) Kurniati, Yuni; Khasanah, Iis Elfy; Firdaus, Kurniawati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Ethanol is a fuel with a high octane number and is environmentally friendly. Bioethanol which can be made from biomass materials such as pineapple peel, is considered not to interfere with food security. With a fairly high carbohydrate and glucose content, pineapple can be converted into reducing sugars that can be fermented to produce ethanol. This study was conducted using the journal review method and aims to determine the mechanism, the variables that play the role, and the optimum conditions of fermentation in the manufacture of bioethanol from pineapple peel. The focus of the analysis was on hydrolysis, namely the type, concentration of the hydrolyzing agent, pH, temperature, and concentration of yeast in fermentation. The analysis from previous studies, the best hydrolysis was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes with a concentration of 1%-2%. The optimum pH of fermentation was found at pH 5 to pH 6, the fermentation temperature was 30 oC with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration of 1.5% â€“ 2%, and the optimum fermentation time occurred in the range of 48 to 96 hours. The high amount of reducing sugar produces a high amount of ethanol as well.

Analisa Tegangan Panas Housing Batang Kendali Reaktor Nuklir Dalam Batas Desain SA403X Rahmat, Anni; Kurniati, Yuni; Muslimu, Fahmi Alfa
Journal of Chemical Process Engineering Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Chemical Process Engineering
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Industri - Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33536/jcpe.v7i1.797

Batang kendali reaktor Nuklir adalah satu komponen yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan populasi netron yang beredar dalam teras reaktor nuklir. Untuk memenuhi desain PLTN tipe PWR perlu dibuat sebuah prototype housing batang kendali. Oleh karena itu dalam rangka pembuatan prototype housing batang kendali di perlukan sebuah pradesain yaitu berupa pemodelan integritas housing batang kendali dengan mmenggunakan metode element hingga. Simulasi perpindahan panas dan mekanik pada housing batang kendali reaktor nuklir tipe PWR telah dilakukan menggunakan metode elemen hingga dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Ansys. Simulasi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi temperatur selama operasi dan distribusi tegangan vonmisses pada kondisi tegangan panas yang terjadi pada housing batang kendali reaktor dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui integritas strukturnya. Simulasi dilakukan dengan kondisi temperatur operasi 280 ºC dan tekanan 15 MPa dan adanya faktor konveksi pada temperatur 60 ºC serta pada kondisi unsteady state. Dalam simulasi di dapatkan hasil bahwa distribusi temperatur pada housing batang kendali berada pada range 170 ºC – 280 ºC dengan distribusi tegangan Vonmises pada tegangan panas paling rendah adalah 2 MPa dan tegangan Vonmises pada tegangan panas tertinggi sebesar 217 MPa. Dengan menggunakan teori kegagalan tegangan luluh dan distorsi energi maka tegangan panas (dalan vonmises) yang ada pada housing batang kendali masih dalam batas aman karena tegangan yang terjadi masih di bawah tegangan luluh dari bahan SA403X.

Sintesis Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah menggunakan Katalis Heterogen Berbasis Kalsium Oksida dari Limbah Cangkang Kerang Bulu (Anadara antiquata) Rahmat, Anni; Kurniati, Yuni; Rahmah Hidayah, Laila; Nafisah, Salwa
Rekayasa Vol 18, No 2: Agustus, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/rekayasa.v18i2.30015

The depletion of non-renewable fossil energy reserves is the main reason for this research to develop renewable energy as a substitute for diesel fuel. One of the alternatives studied is the production of biodiesel from used cooking oil. This study aims to produce environmentally friendly biodiesel, reduce dependence on fossil energy, and utilize used cooking oil waste to increase its value for society. This research employs esterification and transesterification methods. The variations in the catalyst used are 2 grams, 4 grams, and 6 grams. Meanwhile, the oil-to-methanol ratio is applied at 1:1.5, 1:3, and 1:6. The results of this study indicate that the free fatty acid content of used cooking oil must be at least 1% to proceed with the transesterification process. Calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst derived from Anadara antiquata shell waste, used as a heterogeneous base catalyst, contains 96.51% CaO. The best biodiesel yield was obtained at a molar ratio of 1:1.5 with 6 grams of catalyst, a molar ratio of 1:6 with 2 grams of catalyst, and a molar ratio of 1:6 with 4 grams of catalyst. All three samples met the biodiesel test standards according to the National Standard (SNI. This study tested the flame on biodiesel. During combustion, the flame color is produced by rapid oxidation. The color indicates the amount of energy produced. Blue flames emit more heat than red flames. Red flames are present below 1000°C. Blue flames are present at temperatures below 2000°C. The combustion of samples containing biodiesel produced a blue flame.

Durian Peel Waste as An Alternative Material for Oxalic Acid Using The Nitric Acid Oxidation Method Kurniati, Yuni; Cholilie, Irvan Adhin; Rahmadini, Anysah; Suwandevi, Nurul Hamida
Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/ijar.v5i1.427

Durian (Durio zibethinus murr) was a tropical fruit from Southeast Asia. Based on the content, the durian peel waste has the potential to be used as a raw material in the process of making oxalic acid. The cellulose content found in durian peel is 50-60%, and there was lignin and starch content of 5% for each. Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula C2H2O4. This study aimed to determine the effect of nitric acid concentration and oxidation time of durian peel on yield, oxalic acid content, and the quality of the oxalic acid produced. The method used in this study was the oxidation process. The influential variables in the oxidation process with nitric acid were the concentration and heating time. The higher the nitric acid concentration, the greater the % yield of oxalic acid produced. The independent variables used were nitric acid concentration and time. This research used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with two factors, namely nitric acid concentration (HNO3) and reaction time, and nine treatment combinations were obtained. The concentrations used were 3 M, 4 M, and 5 M then the times used were 60, 70, and 80 minutes. The ratio between nitric acid and durian peel was 1:10 with a temperature of 75℃. The optimum yield occurred at a concentration of 4M HNO3 with a heating time of 80 minutes, where the yield obtained was 22.50%. Oxalic acid from a citric acid concentration of 5M and a reaction time of 80 minutes resulted in oxalic acid crystals melting at 98.6˚C. From the results of this analysis, the synthesized oxalic acid has the same characteristics as pure oxalic acid, so it can be concluded that the product produced from this research is oxalic acid and is classified as dihydrate oxalic acid.

Penguatan UMKM Puri Farm Living Melalui Diversifikasi Produk Turunan Susu Kambing Rahmat, Anni; Kurniati, Yuni; Noviasri, Rizky; Eko Wijanarko, Danang; Arifia Insani, Dzafif; Maulana, Firman; Nafisah, Salwa; Pratiwi, Hida
Jurnal Ilmiah Pangabdhi Vol 11, No 2: Oktober, 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/pangabdhi.v11i2.31927

This community service program was implemented to strengthen the competitiveness of the Puri Farm Living association in Tuban Regency, which operates in the dairy goat farming sector. The main challenges faced were the limited market for fresh goat milk, low shelf life, and high competition among farmers following the Covid-19 pandemic. To address these issues, diversification of derivative products such as kefir, crackers, and goat milk soap was carried out. This diversification aimed to increase added value, expand the market, and improve the sustainability of farmers' businesses. The methods used included problem identification, technology transfer, training, mentoring, and evaluation. The results of the activity showed an increase in partners' skills in processing goat milk into value-added products, an increase in selling prices from IDR 25,000–30,000 per liter to IDR 40,000–50,000 per liter, and the opening of marketing opportunities through marketplaces and social media. Thus, this program not only impacted Puri Farm Living's economy but also strengthened local-based MSMEs.Keywords: Up to six keywords should also be included.

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