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Analisis Kadar Magnesium dan Kalium pada Garam Rich Minerals Kartika, Ary Giri Dwi; Pratiwi, Wiwit Sri Werdi; Indriawati, Novi; Jayanthi, Onie Wiwid
Rekayasa Vol 12, No 1: April 2019
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (323.457 KB) | DOI: 10.21107/rekayasa.v12i1.5094

Abstract

Pemenuhan sumber mineral dalam makanan yang seimbang mampu menunjang terca­painya kondisi tubuh yang sehat. Garam rich minerals selain digunakan sebagai bumbu dan penyedap makanan, merupakan salah satu sumber mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Kombinasi Ka­n­du­n­gan NaCl dan berbagai mineral lainnya yang tidak dihilangkan dalam proses produksi garam rich minerals mampu menjaga keseimbangan elektrolit dalam tubuh demi memp­ertahankan komposisi keseluruhan fungsi tubuh. Pada penelitian ini, garam rich minerals dihasilkan dari proses penguapan air laut bebas kontaminasi dan tidak menghilangkan berbagai mineral lain­­­nya yang terkandung di dalam air laut. Setiap 1000 ml air laut yang direbus menghasilkan rata-rata 34 gram kristal garam. Data analisis kimia menunjukan kadar air sebesar 5%, NaCl sebesa­r 88% ; kalium sebesar 0.024% serta magnesium sebesar 0.476%. Dari data tersebut garam rich minerals memenuhi SNI syarat mutu garam gurih. Kata kunci: Garam, Rich Minerals, Magnesium, KaliumAnalysis of Magnesium and Potassium Content in Rich Minerals SaltABSTRACTThe Fulfillment of mineral resources in balanced food can support the achievement of a healthy body condition. Rich minerals salt is one of the sources of minerals needed by the body beside it being used as a food seasoning and flavoring. The combination of NaCl content and various other minerals that are not removed in the production process of rich minerals can maintain the electro­lyte balance in the body to maintain the overall composition of body functions. In this study, rich mineral salts were produced from contamination-free seawater evaporation processes and did not eliminate various other minerals contained in seawater. Every 1000 ml of boiled sea water produces an average of 34 grams of salt crystals. Chemical analysis data showed a wate­r content of 5%; NaCl 88%; potassium 0.024% and magnesium 0.476%. From that data, rich minera­ls salt fulfill savory salt quality requirements by SNI. Keywords : Salt, Rich Minerals, Magnesium, Potassium
Produksi MgCl2 dari Bittern melalui Optimalisasi Pemisahan Ion Sulfat Menggunakan Reagen Kalsium Klorida Dihidrat Pratiwi, Wiwit Sri Werdi; Nuzula, Nike Ika; Suci, Desi Suryana; Kartika, Ary Giri Dwi; Effendy, Makhfud
977-2407769
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas PerikanJurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jmr.v10i2.30687

Abstract

Madura memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap produksi garam di Jawa Timur. Produksi garam menghasilkan limbah yang disebut bittern. Bittern merupakan air sisa kristalisasi garam yang berbentuk cairan dengan kadar kepekatan >29o Be dan memiliki kandungan utama berupa ion magnesium. Selama ini, hasil bittern dari tambak garam rakyat Kabupaten Pamekasan, Madura digunakan kembali untuk proses produksi garam, dimana kegiatan tersebut dapat menurunkan kualitas garam. Dalam skala industri, bittern dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku magnesium, namun diperlukan suatu metode untuk memisahkan senyawa lainnya agar tidak mengganggu proses ekstraksi magnesium. Ion sulfat (SO₄²ˉ) merupakan ion terbanyak kedua yang terkandung dalam bittern, sehingga pemisahan ion sulfat merupakan suatu strategi untuk meningkatkan kualitas bittern sebagai bahan baku magnesium klorida. Pada penelitian ini, proses pemisahan ion sulfat menggunakan reagen kalsium klorida dihidrat (CaCl₂.2H₂O) yang ditambahkan pada bittern dengan perbandingan antara SO₄²ˉ dan CaCl₂.2H₂O yaitu P1 = 1:0,90 ; P2= 1:0,95; P3 1:1; P4=1:1,05; dan P5= 1:1,1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kandungan sulfat pada bittern yaitu 41257,14±757,14 mg/L. Kadar sulfat pada filtrat dengan perlakuan P₁ = 4,14±0,43 mg/L; P₂ = 5,38±0,22 mg/L; P₃ = 7,57±1,14 mg/L; P₄ = 6,57±0,57 mg/L; dan P₅ = 7,48±0,46 mg/L. Penambahan CaCl₂.2H₂O berpengaruh terhadap kadar sulfat pada bittern yang dapat dilihat dari hasil uji ANOVA.  Perlakuan optimal dari uji lanjut DNMR yaitu pada perlakuan ratio molar 1:0,9 dengan nilai rata-rata 4,1429 mg/L dimana dilihat dari rata-rata paling kecil dari perlakuan lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini menjadi penelitian dasar untuk melakukan optimasi ekstrak magnesium klorida dari bahan baku bittern. Madura provides the largest contribution to salt production in East Java. Salt production generates a waste called bittern. Bittern is the residual liquid of salt crystallization with a concentration of 29oBe and has the main content of magnesium ions. Unfortunately, bittern from the salt pond in Pamekasan Regency, Madura is reused for the salt production process, whereby this activity can reduce the quality of salt. On an industrial scale, bittern can be used as a raw material for magnesium, but a method is needed to separate other compounds so it does not interfere with the magnesium extraction process. Sulfate ion (SO₄²ˉ) is the second most abundant ion contained in bittern. Thus, the separation of sulfate ions is a strategy to improve the quality of bittern as a raw material for magnesium chloride. In this study, the separation process of sulfate ions using calcium chloride dihydrate reagent (CaCl₂.2H₂O) added to bittern with a ratio between SO₄²ˉ and CaCl₂.2H₂O, namely P1 = 1:0,90; P2= 1:0,95; P3 1:1; P4=1:1,05; dan P5= 1:1,1. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the sulfate content in bittern is 41257.14 ± 757.14mg/L. Sulfate levels in the filtrate  were P₁ = 4.14±0.43 mg/L; P₂ = 5.38±0.22 mg/L; P₃ = 7.57±1.14mg/L; P₄ = 6.57±0.57mg/L; and P₅ = 7.48±0.46 mg/L.The addition of CaCl₂.2H₂O has an effect on the sulfate content of bittern which can be exhibited from the ANOVA test results. The optimal treatment of the DNMR test is the treatment of the molar ratio of 1: 0.9 with an average value of 4.1429 mg/L, which is referred from the smallest average of other treatments. The results of this study serve as basic research to optimize the extract of magnesium chloride from bittern as raw material.
Review Analisa Kondisi Optimum Dalam Proses Pembuatan Biogas Kurniati, Yuni; Rahmat, Anni; Malianto, Bilal Ivandra; Nandayani, Dita; Pratiwi, Wiwit Sri Werdi
Rekayasa Vol 14, No 2: Agustus 2021
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/rekayasa.v14i2.11305

Abstract

Biogas is a gas produced by anaerobic activity with the process of decomposition (degradation) of organic materials. Biogas can be produced from several sources of methane, including domestic (household) waste, biodegradable waste, animal waste, or organic wastes that can be decomposed under anaerobic conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of various conditions (time, pH, stirring time and the type and concentration of inoculum) on biogas production and to analyze the optimum conditions in the biogas production process. This research was conducted with the factors that influence the process of making biogas. Based on the analysis results obtained several processes in the production of biogas, among others, hydrolysis, acetogenesis, asedogenesis, and methanogenesis. The results of the previous experiment were the optimal biogas research from tofu liquid waste, biogas produced with a volume of 26,700 ml, within 36 days and was obtained using an operating temperature of 35-40ᵒC and using cow dung inoculum, and using a 36 liter digester.
Hubungan Fluktuasi Parameter Fisika dalam Produksi Garam Rich Minerals Dengan Media Prototype di Salt House Yoseva, Vellia; Indriyawati, Novi; Pratiwi, Wiwit Sri Werdi; Efendy, Makhfud
Rekayasa Vol 14, No 3: Desember 2021
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/rekayasa.v14i3.12556

Abstract

Madura Island is one of the largest salt producing areas in Indonesia. Salt is included in the type of complementary ingredients in every dish. Rich Mineral salt is salt obtained from the total crystallization process without removing various minerals contained in the raw materials, so that the mineral content is higher than consumption salt in general. This study aims to describe the fluctuations and the relationship between physical parameters consisting of water temperature, water density and water level during the salt production process. This study uses three prototype geomembranes with a size of 60x40x16 cm in salt production. This study uses quantitative methods in the form of numbers obtained based on facts in the field. The results of this study are that the three prototypes have a temperature range, water density and water level that are not significantly different. This is showed by the results of the ANOVA test, where the P-value of the three prototypes is greater than the alpha value (α). In this study also obtained a correlation value between the parameters of water density and water level. The correlation value resulting from the calculation of the linear equation between the two parameters is 0.93. Based on these results, it can be interpreted that the water density and water level have a correlation relationship of 93%. So, it can be concluded that the higher the water level, the lower the water level.  
STUDI PENGGUNAAN SENYAWA CaCl2 DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR SULFAT PADA LIMBAH PRODUKSI GARAM Nike Ika Nuzula; Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi; Novi Indriyawati; Makhfud Efendy
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v6i1.23159

Abstract

Bittern adalah salah satu hasil dari proses produksi garam yang saat ini pemanfaatannya belum maksimal. Hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya pengotor yang terkadung didalamnya. Sulfat merupakan pengotor tertinggi kedua dalam bittern. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengikat sulfat pada bittern dengan menggunakan CaCl₂.2H₂O dengan metode penambahan yang berbeda-beda. Variasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perbandingan mol antara bittern dengan Kristal CaCl2. Perbandingan mol terbaik antara bittern dengan Kristal CaCl2 didapatkan rasio sebesar 1: 0.9 dengan kadar sulfat sebesar 4.83 mg/L, dimana kadar awal sulfat pada sampel bittern sebesar 41.257 g/L atau setara dengan 41257 mg/L..
Production by Lintnerization-Autoclaving and Physicochemical Characterization of Resistant Starch III from Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu rottb) Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi; Anil Kumar Anal; Surya Rosa Putra
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1033.605 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21199

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the biggest central distributions of sago starch. There are some characteristics of sago starch which make it difficult to use in variation of foods. In this study, resistant starch type III (RS3) was produced from sago starch by using lintnerization-autoclaving (LA). Physicochemical characterizations of RS3 were compared by native sago starch (NA), hydrolyzed starch by distilled water (DW) and lintnerized starch (L). Amylose content decreased after hydrolyzed by DW and L, but increasing by using LA. Protein and fat contents decreased after hydrolysis, but crude fiber content increasing, the highest value was obtained lintnerized-autoclaved starch. Lintnerized-autoclaved starch has more compact and rigid structure. The RVA viscosity, swelling power and water holding capacity values reduced after all treatments. Oil in water emulsions were also analyzed by mixture of RS3 and emulsifier (casein or SPI). Viscosities of emulsions from RS casein were lower than those of RS-SPI. Emulsion capacity and emulsion stability values were better gotten using RS-SPI than RS-casein. The highest of emulsion capacity was obtained 11.33%. For storage period, the lowest peroxide and anisidine values of mixture RS-emulsifier were resulted from 5% emulsifier + 5% RS + 5% fish oil.
ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS IN RAW MATERIAL OF RICH MINERALS SEA SALT Fawait Afnani; Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi; Makhfud Effendy; Novi Indriyawati; Vellia Yoseva
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.38742

Abstract

The mineral content of seawater is a natural raw material to produce rich mineral sea salt. Rich mineral sea salt is a consumption salt with a NaCl content of <50% used to live a low sodium diet for a healthy lifestyle. In general, traditional sea salt was produced with the multistage evaporation method to obtain a NaCl content of ≥ 94.7%, whereas the production of rich mineral sea salt uses a total evaporation method and then removes the salt flower at a certain concentration to get low sodium chlorine and contain other natural minerals. This study aims to analyze the chemical content of the raw material of rich mineral sea salt. The location of seawater used as raw material for rich mineral sea salt is Camplong District, Sampang Regency. Samples were obtained from sea level with a distance of ± 400 m from the coastline and carried out during high tide conditions. The chemical analysis of seawater samples consists of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Cl− dan SO42−. The analysis method is based on the Indonesian National Standard of environmental quality test. The results of the major mineral analysis showed that the largest mineral content of seawater was calcium (Ca2+) at 492.350±10.395 mg/L and Sodium (Na+) at 482,000±1.979 mg/L. In contrast, the smallest mineral content is iron mineral (Fe2+) of < 0.08 mg/L. These results will be used for preliminary data before producing naturally rich mineral sea salt.
Pengaruh Penambahan Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) Terhadap Kandungan Magnesium Pada Bittern Dalam Ekstraksi Magnesium Hidroksida Mg(OH)₂ Nike Ika Nuzula; Aan Putri Nurjanah; Ary Giri Dwi Kartika; wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi; Onie Wiwid Jayanthi
Juvenil Vol 3, No 4 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Marine and Fisheries, Trunojoyo University of Madura, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/juvenil.v3i4.17974

Abstract

ABSTRAKProduksi garam pada pulau Madura sangat tinggi yang dilakukan secara terus menerus pada musim kemarau menggunakan metode tradisional dengan media tanah maupun geomembrant (Zainuri et.al 2016) sehingga menghasilkan limbah bittern yang melimpah. Bittern memiliki kandungan mineral salah satunya magnesium (Mg) yang dapat dijadikan inovasi baru yakni senyawa magnesium hidroksida Mg(OH)₂ dengan cara ekstraksi. Penambahan natrium hidroksida NaOH dalam kstraksi magnesium hidroksida pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan berdasarkan perbandingan antara mol magnesium dan mol natrium hidroksida yakni 1:0,90; 1:0,95; 1:1; 1:1,05; 1: 1,1 dengan tujuan mengetahui perlakuan yang paling optimal. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA dengan siginifikasi sebesar 0,605 yang artinya tidak ada pengaruh secara nyata pada penambahan natrium hidroksida pada bittern. Jika dilihat dari data perlakuan dengan perbandingan mol 1 : 1 yakni sebesar 76802,70833 mg/Kg merupakan perlakuan yang paling optimal dari semua perlakuan dan perlakuan perbandingan mol 1 : 0,90 yakni sebesar 75858,245 mg/Kg merupakan perlakuan yang paling rendah.Kata Kunci: Bittern, Magnesium, Natrium Hidroksida dan Magnesium Hidroksida.ABSTRACTSalt production on the island of Madura is very high which is carried out continuously during the dry season using traditional methods with soil and geomembrane media resulting in abundant bittern waste. Bittern contains minerals, one of which is magnesium (Mg) which can be used as a new innovation, namely magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)₂ by extraction. The addition of sodium hydroxide NaOH in the extraction of magnesium hydroxide in this study was carried out based on the ratio between moles of magnesium and moles of sodium hydroxide, namely 1: 0.90; 1:0.95; 1:1; 1:1.05; 1: 1.1 with the aim of knowing the most optimal treatment. Based on the results of the ANOVA test with a significance of 0.605, which means that there is no significant effect on the addition of sodium hydroxide to bittern. When viewed from the treatment data with a mole ratio of 1: 1, which is 76802.70833 mg/Kg, it is the most optimal treatment of all treatments and a mole ratio of 1: 0.90, which is 75858.245 mg/Kg, is the lowest treatment.Keyword: Bittern, Magnesium, Natrium Hydroxide dan Magnesium Hydroxide.
Distribusi Nutrien Dan Klorofil-A Di Perairan Pedelegan, Pademawu, Kabupaten Pamekasan Ilham Andika Aprianto; Ary Giri Dwi Kartika; Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi; Makhfud Effendy
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 12, No 2 (2023): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v12i2.49513

Abstract

Pantai Pedelegan merupakan salah satu pantai kawasan wisata yang terletak di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Perairan Padelegan dekat dengan ekosistem mangrove, estuari dan berdekatan dengan tambak garam. Ekosistem tersebut merupakan penunjang kesuburan perairan yang dapat diketahui dari kadar nutrient dan distribusi klorofil-a yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi nutrien dan biomassa fitoplankton serta hubungannya dengan parameter kualitas perairan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada sembilan titik. Metode yang digunakan menganalisis kandungan nitrat yaitu bursin asam sulfanilat, fosfat dengan spektrofotometer secara asam askorbat, silika menggunakan metode nessler dan biomassa fitoplankton menggunakan metode APHA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar nutrien di perairan Padelegan memiliki distribusi yang berbeda-beda. Kadar nitrat, fosfat dan klorofil-a tertinggi terletak pada titik empat yang merupakan daerah peralihan menuju laut lepas pada arah barat daya. Sedangkan kadar silika tertinggi ditunjukkan pada titik dua yang merupakan daerah pesisir pada arah barat laut. Berdasarkan hasil korelasi rank spearman, silika menunjukkan korelasi yang paling kuat terhadap klorofil-a dibandingkan dengan nutrien lainnya dengan nilai rho(ρ) sebesar 0,5435. Selanjutnya ditambahkan, suhu adalah parameter kualitas air yang memiliki keeratan paling kuat dengan klorofil-a (rho(ρ) = 0,3766). Peningkatan kadar klorofil-a di perairan padelegan berkaitan erat dengan peningkatan kadar nutrien. Pedelegan Beach is one of the beaches in the tourist area located in Pamekasan Regency. Padelegan waters are close to mangrove ecosystems and estuaries and adjacent to salt ponds. This study aims to determine the distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass and their relationship to water quality parameters. Sampling was carried out at nine points using the SNI 6989.59:2008 method. The method used to analyze the nitrate content is brucine sulfanilic acid, phosphate with an ascorbic acid spectrophotometer, silica using the Nessler method, and phytoplankton biomass using the APHA method. The results showed that nutrient levels in Padelegan waters had different distributions. The highest levels of nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyll-a are located at point four which is a transitional area to the high seas in the southwest direction. While the highest silica content is shown at the second point , a coastal area in the northwest direction. Based on the Spearman rank correlation results silica showed the strongest correlation to chlorophyll-a compared to other nutrients with a rho(ρ) value of 0.5435. Furthermore, the temperature is a water quality parameter that has the strongest affinity with chlorophyll-a (rho(ρ) = 0.3766). The increase in chlorophyll-a levels in Padelegan waters is closely related to the increase in nutrient levels.
Developing The Salt Centre of Excellence as a Unique Selling Proposition University of Trunojoyo Madura Makhfud Efendy; Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi; Aries Dwi Siswanto
Juvenil Vol 4, No 2: Mei 2023
Publisher : Department of Marine and Fisheries, Trunojoyo University of Madura, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/juvenil.v4i2.20171

Abstract

AbstractAs one of the most enormous salt globally, Indonesia consumes more than 3 million tonnes of salt annually, mainly imported from several countries. However, Indonesia is the second-longest equatorial coastline in the world, with abundant salt resources from the sea. Developing a salt industry development centre on Madura Island is a crucial solution to eradicate Indonesia's label as a salt imported dependent state. Madura Island has large salt production and is labelled a salt island. Being a centre of academics on Madura Island, the University of Trunojoyo Madura is qualified as a salt centre of Excellence due to having met thorough research and development, sourcing absorptive and disseminating capacity guidelines. Research and academic activities in the salt field, such as attending scientific seminars and conferences, participating in workshops and other centers of excellence collaboration, have been done in a decade as academic Excellence. Several industries have produced and utilized the commercialization of research products like fortified salt, rich mineral salt, and solus per aqua (SPA) salt. University also develops collaborative research, advisory and informal knowledge exchange between the university and industry. To implement this program's success, the university develops information systems technology to manage the Centre of excellent performances. Finally, based upon the work done on several guidelines, the university's positive impact on research, industrial corporation, and product dissemination has increased dramatically over the years. Keywords: salt centre of excellent, unique selling proposition, University of Trunojoyo Madura