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Yield Components of Some Sesame Mutant Populations Induced by Gamma Irradiation Vina Eka Aristya; Taryono Taryono; Rani Agustina Wulandari
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2018): Oktober 2018
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v10n2.2018.64-71

Sesame is an producing seed whose oil is commercially needed. Breeding attempts to improve the productivity of sesame and yield components are induction of gamma ray irradiation mutations (Co-60). This study was aimed to identify effects of induced mutation by gamma rays irradiation in quantitative characteristics and yield of sesame in M4 generation originated from local cultivars. Two types of sesame (black and white) are irradiated with eight doses (100-800 Gy) of Co-60. The result showed a high variation in almost all morphological characters and modified the character of stem height from base to first branch, number of capsules per plant, biomass yield per plant, and seed yield per plant. Sesame irradiated with 600 Gy Co-60 doses has a beneficial effect on the number of capsules (black:120.23; white: 255.23, respectively) and the weight of 1000 seeds (black:3.63 g; white: 4.55 g, respectively). Genotypic Coefficient of Variation in M4 generation were recorded for high value for characters number of primary branches (30.16%), stem height from base to the first branch (30.96%), stem height from base to first capsule (14.82%), number of secondary branches (53.64%), number of nodes to first flower (72.66%), number of capsules/plant (44.90%), biomass yield/plant (28.37%), and seed yield/plant (36.68%). Genetic variability of plant population is very important for plant breeding program and to sustain level of high productivity.Komponen Hasil Beberapa Populasi Mutan Wijen yang Diinduksi oleh Iradiasi GammaWijen adalah tanaman penghasil biji yang minyaknya dibutuhkan secara komersial. Upaya pemuliaan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas wijen dan komponen hasil adalah dengan induksi mutasi iradiasi sinar gamma (Co-60). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh induksi mutasi iradiasi sinar gamma pada karakter kuantitatif dan hasil pada generasi M4 wijen yang berasal dari kultivar lokal. Dua jenis wijen (hitam dan putih) diiradiasi dengan delapan dosis (100-800 Gy) Co-60. Sejumlah pengaruh mutasi wijen berhasil menunjukkan variasi yang tinggi pada hampir semua ciri morfologi dan memodifikasi karakter tinggi batang dari pangkal ke cabang pertama, jumlah kapsul/tanaman, hasil biomassa/tanaman dan hasil biji/tanaman. Wijen yang diiradiasi dengan dosis 600 Gy Co-60 memiliki efek menguntungkan pada jumlah kapsul (hitam:120,23; putih: 255,23) dan berat karakter 1000 biji (hitam:3,63 g; putih: 4,55 g). Koefisien Keragaman Genotipik pada generasi M4 dicatat nilai tertinggi pada karakter jumlah cabang primer (30,16%), tinggi batang dari pangkal ke cabang pertama (30,96%), tinggi batang ke kapsul pertama (14,82%), jumlah cabang sekunder (53,64%), jumlah ruas ke bunga pertama (72,66%), jumlah kapsul/tanaman (44,90%), hasil biomassa/tanaman (28,37%), dan hasil biji/tanaman (36,68%). Keragaman genetik dari populasi tanaman sangat penting untuk program pemuliaan tanaman dan mempertahankan produktivitas yang tinggi.

Keragaan Pertumbuhan Bibit Tiga Klon Teh (Camellia sinensis L.) pada Dua Media Pembibitan Ari Murti Ahmadi; Rani Agustina Wulandari; Taryono Taryono
Vegetalika Vol 9, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Teh (Camellia sinensis L.) merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang mempunyai peran besar dalam peningkatan devisa negara. Pembibitan teh merupakan hal yang penting diperhatikan karena akan menentukan pertumbuhan dan kualitasnya. Media pembibitan menjadi satu hal yang menjadi perhatian karena darisanalah bibit mendapat suplai unsur hara yang diperlukan yang akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan. Arang sekam dan limbah baglog merupakan limbah yang sangat potensial untuk digunakan sebagai media pembibitan teh karena kandungan unsur haranya yang tinggi, ringan dan masih jarang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa keragaan pertumbuhan bibit teh pada media yang ditambahkan dengan arang sekam dan limbah media jamur (baglog) dan dibandingkan dengan media kontrol yang selama ini digunakan. Penelitian ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dua faktor (klon x media pembibitan) dengan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama berupa macam klon yaitu: TRI 2025, PS 1 dan TPS 93 dan faktor kedua berupa macam media tanam yaitu: tanah + arang sekam (1:2), tanah + limbah baglog (1:2) dan kontrol. Kontrol terdiri dari top soil dan sub soil dengan perbandingan 1:3. Data yang diperoleh diuji beda nyata perlakuannya dengan menggunakan sidik ragam (anova). Apabila pada sidik ragam perlakuan menunjukkan pengaruh nyata pada taraf 5%, maka untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan perlu dianalisis lagi dengan uji beda nyata jujur Tukey dengan taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan bibit pada tanah + arang sekam lebih baik dibandingkan pada media tanah + limbah baglog. Media tanah + arang sekam dapat dijadikan media pembibitan alternatif, adapun media tanah + limbah baglog cenderung menurunkan kualitas bibit teh.

Callus Induction on True Shallot Seed Explant Using a Combination of BA and 2,4-D Krisna Dharmayanti; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Rani Agustina Wulandari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 2, No 3 (2017): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

BA and 2,4-D combination were commonly used for in vitro culture of Shallot (Allium cepa L. var agregatum 2n = 2x = 16) to induce callus, but there was no information for callus induction on shallot seed (TSS) explant. Callus could be utilized for in vitro selection and generating of genetic variation. The aims of the research was to identify the response of TSS (Trisula and Tuk Tuk) as explant and to obtain the optimum combination of BA and 2,4-D (mg.L-1): (0–0, 2–1, 2–2, 2–3, and 2–4) in callus induction. The research had been carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada during the year 2015-2016. Factorial treatments of variety and growth regulators were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Data of percentage of germination, shoot height, root length, percentage of callus formation, callus weight, and chromosomes number of callus were recorded. The results showed that combination of 2 mg.L-1 BA + (1– 4) mg.L-1 2,4-D induced callus formation on TSS but inhibits shoots and roots growth. The best callus proliferation was at a concentration of 1 mg.L-1 2,4-D. Tetraploid callus chromosomes (2n = 4x = 32) was detected in Trisula grown in the 2 mg.L-1 BA + 4 mg.L-1 2,4-D, but in the Tuk Tuk callus did not detected the changing of chromosomes number.

Genetic Variation in Selected Individuals Based on Number of Capsule in M5 Sesame Mutan Lines Detected by RAPD Masruru Kholida; Taryono Taryono; Rani Agustina Wulandari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is major oilseed crops with advantages in health and food industry. Due to self pollinated crop, breeding program in sesame utilized gamma rays irradiation to increase genetic variation. The research material consisted of 164 genotypes from 22 selected individual mutant line based on the number of capsules in M5 generation. This study is to detect genetic variation in selected individuals based on number of capsules in M5 generation of sesame mutant line using RAPD markers. The analysis consists of percentage of polymorphic loci, analysis of molecular variance and visualized in cluster and co-ordinate analysis. Fifteen primers RAPD were able to amplified 237 loci. Each genotype in populations had the similarity coefficient of 0.29 – 0.85. Variance within selected individual line (66%) was higher than variance among selected mutant lines (34%). Variance in each selected individual line contributed to its high value. Line 34 showed the lowest polymorphism (23.21%) and line 19 depicted the highest polymorphism (61.60%).

Microsatellite Genetic Markers of Saccharrum spp., and Erianthus sp. on Their Hybrids Mala Murianingrum; Taryono Taryono; Rani Agustina Wulandari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Progeny identification is the important step that should be done after hybridization. However, polyploidy, aneuploidy and the high chromosome segregation in sugarcane which results various phenotypic characteristics variation and environmental effects become limiting factors to identify the progenies based on morphological characteristic. Microsatellite as one of molecular marker which has codominance inheritance, multiallelic, abundant in the genome and does not influenced by environmental factor is the best tool to asses the crossing fidelity accurately. This research aimed to identify the possibility of genetic marker of Saccharum spp. and Erianthus sp. on their hybrid using microsatellite molecular marker. This study was carried out in Molecular Genetic laboratory, Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ISFCRI) Malang, from August 2016 to July 2017. Eighty-six (86) F1 intraspecific and interspecific progeny, three commercial sugarcane varieties (PSJT941, PS881 and VMC7616) and two wild types (S. spontaneum dan Erianthus sp.) were assessed genetically by three microsatellite markers. Identification of microsatellite genetic markers was conducted by comparing the visualization band results from electrophoresis of each male and female parent through their progenies. All primers could identify Saccharum spp. and Erianthus sp. genetic markers. There were one to eleven Saccharum spp. and Erianthus sp. genetic markers could be identified such as 2-11 PS881-specific alleles; 2-3 VMC7616-specific alleles; 1-5 PSJT941-specific alleles; two S. spontaneum-specific alleles and 1-2 Erianthus-specific alleles. These findings could be used as the advance genetic marker of microsatellite in sugarcane breeding to asses the cross fidelity.

Morphological characterization of six Lombok upland rice cultivars Baiq Sri Hartina; Rani Agustina Wulandari; Panjisakti Basunanda
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2021): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.62899

Lombok upland rice is one of the cultivars that have the potential as a genetic source. However, Lombok upland rice is almost rarely found. Therefore, conservation was carried out through morphological characterization to provide genetic information. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of six Lombok upland rice cultivars, namely, Reket Putek Bulu, Reket Putek Buntung, Reket Bireng Bulu, Reket Bireng Buntung, Pare Beaq Sapit, and Beaq Ganggas. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of these six Lombok upland rice cultivars as treatments. Two superior cultivars were also used for comparison. The study revealed sufficient divergence for various qualitative and quantitative traits. Pare Beaq Sapit and Beaq Ganggas shared common morphological characters, and both were tall plants. The auricle and ligule colors of Reket Bireng Bulu were different from those of the other cultivars. Reket Putek Buntung had the latest flowering and harvesting age. Reket Putek Bulu and Reket Bireng Buntung had a high number of productive tillers. Six cultivars of Lombok upland rice were characterized to have morphological diversity, so that they are expected to be used as genetic material in rice plant breeding, thereby developed to avoid extinction.

Expression of Phytase gene in transgenic maize with seed-specific promoter 27-kDa γ Zein and constitutive promoter CaMV 35S Ririn Septina Arthasari; Rani Agustina Wulandari; Panjisakti Basunanda
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.63847

Phytase enzymes are applied to animal feed to help animals absorb more nutrients. The use of feed raw materials containing phytase enzymes is expected to reduce the cost of animal feed production. Efforts to increase the phytase content in maize were carried out by improving genetics, in the way of assembling transgenic plants containing high phytase content. The 27-kDa γ Zein promoter is a specific promoter that expresses genes in caryopsis, and promoter CaMV 35S is a constitutive promoter that controls gene expression in all tissues and generally does not depend on the growth phase. Transgenic maize was transformed using Agrobacterium tumefacien infection method on maize B104. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach was used to examine the expression of phytase genes in leaves, roots, and caryopsis was done 10, 20, and 30 days after pollination (DAP). The phytase enzyme activity test was also carried out by using the colorimetric phosphomolybdate analysis method to see the phytase enzyme activity in unit µg-1. The results showed that the phytase gene in transgenic plants with the 27-kDa γ Zein promoter was highly expressed in maize caryopsis, but in line Z6.10 was also expressed in leaves, while in the CaMV 35S promoter the phytase gene was only expressed on the leaves. Phytase enzyme activity showed that transgenic maize was higher than non-transgenic maize.

The Role of Anthocyanin Content of Garden Balsam’s (Impatiens balsamina L.) Flower Extract on the Growth of Ralstonia solanacearum Djati Widhityarini; Rani Agustina Wulandari; Triwidodo Arwiyanto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.36241

The study was aimed to determine the response of bacterial growth of Ralstonia solanacearum Race I of biovar III phylotype I treated with flower extract of Garden Balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) on different color of flower, that was able to give the strongest antibacterial compound and to determine the physical characteristics of I. balsamina in order to facilitate the purpose of the garden balsam cultivation as antibacterial. In addition, this study also aimed to determine the highest total anthocyanin content (TAC) and to determine the molecular characteristics of anthocyanin-coding genes and DNA base sequences of I. balsamina that indicated antibacterial properties. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 2 X 4 each with 3 replications. The first factor was the method of plating bacteria culture (pour plate and streak plate method), the second factor was the color of the garden balsam flower extracts consisted of white, red, purple and magenta. Therefore, the experiment consisted of 8 treatments of combination. Data were analyzed using CRD (α = 0.05). The results showed that the average combination of pour plate and red flower extract gave the value of resistance velocity on the 3rd day with the diameter of the inhibition zone was 33.46 mm, with the inhibitory zone diameter of the garden balsam extract of 22.90 mm. Red flower plants showed a bright red stem on the braches and the pointed leaf edge. Although this red does not show the total content of anthocyanin compounds higher than purple, however from RAPD analysis for red color indicated the anthocyanin of pelargonidin as an anthocyanin compound responsible for its antibacterial properties.

Study on Diversity of Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) by Molecular Marker in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Vega Kartika Sari; Rani Agustina Wulandari; Rudi Hari Murti
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 40, No 2 (2018): JUNE
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v40i2.925

The objective of this research was to determine the diversity and relationship of sapodilla accession derived from districts in DIY based on DNA profiles. From the screening of 20 total primers, five primers (OPA 20, OPB 5, OPB 6, OPB 8, and OPC 19) producing polymorphic bands in RAPD analysis were selected. Different-shaped samples of sapodilla randomly collected from Bantul, Gunungkidul, Kulonprogo, Sleman and Yogyakarta city were used in this research. The analysis of molecular data was performed by using NTSys pc-2.02 and GenAlex 6.1 program. The clustering indicated that the accessions tend to group by their locations. However, there was no corelation between DNA marker and the fruit shape. The first group comprised samples from Yogyakarta city (Keraton Yogyakarta), Bantul and Kulonprogo while the second group consisted of samples from Sleman and Gunungkidul with genetic similarity of 53% and 37% respectively. The genetic diversity was high (PLP = 98.85% of 87 loci and H=0.280±0.14) comprising the genetic diversity within population (53%) which was greater than genetic diversity between populations (47%). Having the highest genetic diversity, Gunungkidul should be potential for conservation and selection of sapodilla in DIY.

Genetic Variation in Selected Individuals Based on Number of Capsule in M5 Sesame Mutan Lines Detected by RAPD Masruru Kholida; Taryono Taryono; Rani Agustina Wulandari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 3, No 2 (2018): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.32699

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is major oilseed crops with advantages in health and food industry. Due to self pollinated crop, breeding program in sesame utilized gamma rays irradiation to increase genetic variation. The research material consisted of 164 genotypes from 22 selected individual mutant line based on the number of capsules in M5 generation. This study is to detect genetic variation in selected individuals based on number of capsules in M5 generation of sesame mutant line using RAPD markers. The analysis consists of percentage of polymorphic loci, analysis of molecular variance and visualized in cluster and co-ordinate analysis. Fifteen primers RAPD were able to amplified 237 loci. Each genotype in populations had the similarity coefficient of 0.29 – 0.85. Variance within selected individual line (66%) was higher than variance among selected mutant lines (34%). Variance in each selected individual line contributed to its high value. Line 34 showed the lowest polymorphism (23.21%) and line 19 depicted the highest polymorphism (61.60%).

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