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All Journal Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi
Andi Rahman Alamsyah
Departemen Sosiologi, FISIP UI
Social Sciences

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Gradation of Actors, Interplay of Roles, Range of Cooperation, and Composition in Embeddedness: Complementary Ideas for Strategic Action Field Theory Alamsyah, Andi Rahman
Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi Vol. 27, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Classical debates in sociology or social science tend to gravitate around what determines the formation of social phenomena: actors or structures and ideas or matter. These debates have spawned various theories that emphasize on actors or structures, ideas or material forces, as well as various combinations of all four. One such combination is reflected in Fligstein and McAdam’s theory of the Strategic Action Field (SAF). According to them, social phenomena are formed through SAFs (at the meso-level), which becomes an arena for collaboration and conflict between actors (at the micro-level) with their respective social skills, including instrumental and existential factors. These strategic action fields, on the other hand, are also embedded to and influenced by other SAF (forming the macro-level structure). While I agree with this theory, I also found several gaps within it: the dichotomy between incumbent versus challenger actors; ignorance of the possibility of a “tug-of-war” between existential and instrumental factors; the nature of collaboration between actors; as well as the particular composition of aspects and sub-aspects in embeddedness. To overcome these theoretical shortcomings, I offer four ideas: actors within a SAF occupy positions in a gradational sense; an outline of the interplay between existential and instrumental factors; the effect of three modes of social capital, namely bonding, bridging, and linking, to SAF dynamics; and two types of composition in SAF embeddedness.
Cleavages and Electoral Support to Islamist Party in Javan Urban Areas: The Case of Prosperous Justice Party Alamsyah, Andi Rahman
Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi Vol. 26, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Several studies have noted that electoral support for one of the Islamist parties in Indonesia, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), is mostly concentrated in urban areas. While I agree with this observation, I found that these studies did not pay adequate attention to the diversity of socio-political conditions in urban areas that contributed to the varying electoral support for PKS. One of these socio-political conditions is what Lipset and Rokkan (1967) conceptualized as cleavages (divisions of society). Based on the results of 2014 and 2019 local parliamentary elections in Javan urban areas, I argue that there are three cleavage patterns formed in these areas, namely single dominant, dyadic dominant, and fragmented. Each cleavage pattern has implications for the formation of a type of support for PKS. In regions with single dominant and dyadic dominant cleavages, the Islamist party tends to receive moderate or low support. Further, compared to the the support gained by the winning party, PKS’ votes tends to be much lower. However, in areas with fragmented cleavage, PKS tends to receive high or moderate support, and the votes gained by PKS tend to be comparable to that of the winning party. The data in this article were obtained from secondary data regarding PKS’ gains in the legislative elections for district/city parliaments in 2014 and 2019 in 46 urban areas in Java, online interviews, and literature studies.
Gradasi Aktor, Tarik-Menarik Peran, Jangkauan Kerjasama, dan Komposisi dalam Keterlekatan: Ide-ide Pelengkap untuk Teori Ranah Tindakan Strategis Alamsyah, Andi Rahman
Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi Vol. 27, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Co-Authors Abdil Mughis Mudhoffir Bayu Dwi Welasasih Sakti Wira Yudha