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Strategi Promosi Kesehatan dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Sanitasi Lingkungan Yuningsih, Rahmi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 10, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Improvement of sanitation, environment and clean water, will substantially reduce the level of pain and severity of various diseases that can improve the degree of public health. But Indonesia still faces Open Defecation Free (ODF) which pollutes the environment. Indonesia ranks second after India (626 million people) as the country with the most ODF, which were 63 million people. In Serang Municipality, Banten Province, there are still 27.2% of people doing defecation in rivers, rice fields and others. The important factor causing it is the habit. The purpose of this paper is to discuss health promotion strategies consisting of advocacy efforts, social support and community empowerment in improving the quality of sanitation in Serang Municipality. The data is the result of group research conducted by researchers at the Research Center of the Expertise Agency of the DPR RI. The study was conducted in Serang Municipality in March 2019. Apart from the habitual problem, there are still many people who defecate in the absence of hygienic toilet facilities at home and ineffective communal toilet programs. The difficulty of getting clean water in the Serang Municipality has caused people further reluctant to make and use healthy latrines. The local government has implemented a health promotion strategy which includes advocacy for DPR and DPRD members to prioritize sanitation issues in Serang Municipality; increase social support from community leaders and conduct community empowerment. AbtrakPerbaikan terhadap sanitasi, lingkungan dan air bersih, secara substansial akan mengurangi tingkat kesakitan dan tingkat keparahan berbagai penyakit sehingga dapat meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Namun, Indonesia masih dihadapi masalah sanitasi yaitu perilaku Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) yang mencemari lingkungan. Indonesia berada di urutan kedua setelah India (626 juta orang) sebagai negara dengan perilaku BABS terbanyak yaitu 63 juta orang. Begitu pun dengan Kota Serang, masih terdapat 27,2% masyarakat melakukan BABS seperti di sungai, sawah dan lainnya. Penyebab utamanya adalah faktor kebiasaan. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui strategi promosi kesehatan yang terdiri dari upaya advokasi, dukungan sosial dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kualitas sanitasi di Kota Serang. Data dalam tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian kelompok bersama Tim Peneliti pada Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian DPR RI. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan di Kota Serang pada bulan Maret 2019. Selain masalah kebiasaan, penyebab masih banyaknya masyarakat BABS adalah tidak tersedianya sarana jamban sehat di rumah dan tidak efektifnya program jamban komunal. Sulitnya mendapatkan air bersih di Kota Serang membuat masyarakat lebih enggan membuat dan menggunakan jamban sehat. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah daerah setempat melakukan strategi promosi kesehatan yang meliputi advokasi kepada anggota DPR dan DPRD agar memprioritaskan masalah sanitasi lingkungan di Kota Serang; meningkatkan dukungan sosial dari tokoh masyarakat serta melakukan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk tidak BABS.

DAMPAK MUTUAL RECOGNITION ARRANGEMENT (MRA) ON NURSING SERVICES TERHADAP PROFESI PERAWAT INDONESIA Yuningsih, Rahmi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 3, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Nursing in Indonesia began develop into a profession through a National Workshop on Nursing in 1983. Along the times, there is a transfer of nurses, not only work in the country but also abroad. Therefore, ASEAN established MRA on Nursing Services in 2006 as a joint commitment to the ASEAN countries in facilitating the movement of nurses. However, Indonesia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam has not ratified the commitment. On the other hand, many Indonesian nurses are working abroad, especially in ASEAN countries. So the MRA on Nursing Services give impact on nursing Indonesia.This paper would like to analyze the condition of nursing in Indoneia, the regulations related to nursing, main attention the arrangement and impact on nursing services in Indonesia.

MALARIA CENTER: SEBUAH MODEL PENGUATAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT MALARIA DI PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA Yuningsih, Rahmi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 2, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

North Moluccas is a malaria endemic area. The clinical prevalence decline from 81,3‰ in 2003 to into 38‰ in 2010. Such a sharp decline is considered as a great success of the Malaria Center development initiative that has been in operation since 2003. The purpose of this research is to know how the Malaria Center is developed in North Moluccas. The research was conducted using the Focus Group Discussion approach that was implemented involving the stakeholders in early April 2011. The result shows that the Malaria Center development initiative is indeed the key for the success in reducing the malaria prevalence in 2003-2009. Its strength point is the strategy in advocacy, partnership and empowerment that are catalytically created a malaria control system with a complete and sufficient size of elements include human resource, budget, logistic, laboratory as well as recording and reporting. This initiative may be replicated, perhaps with some adaptations, in other malaria endemic areas.

ANALISIS SEGITIGA KEBIJAKAN KESEHATAN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN UNDANG-UNDANG TENAGA KESEHATAN Yuningsih, Rahmi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 5, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

In order toachieve the national health developments goals, we need health workforce who are competent, responsible, uphold ethical standards and spread evently all over Indonesia. But in fact, health workforce in Indonesia still face a lot of problem. Therefore the parliament and the government formed health workforce act as a legal reference to handle the problems. This research was conducted to determine health policy triangle in forming health workforce act. With qualitative approach, the study concluded that the actors come from the government, the president, the legislators, interest groups and political party. The content include aspects of professionalism and the relationship between the health workforce. The context includes aspects of cultural, social, political, economic, and legal. The process began in 2010 until 2014. This study recommended that in order to get common perspective, the public and the stakeholders should get involved more intensely.

Pelindungan Kesehatan Masyarakat Terhadap Peredaran Obat dan Makanan Daring Yuningsih, Rahmi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 12, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46807/aspirasi.v12i1.2020

Information and communication technology has had an impact on the food and drug online market. However, not all food and drugs in the online market have permits and other requirements that can threaten public health. Against something that is detrimental to society and requires protection from the government, it requires public policy to overcome. In the implementation, public policy requires the role of the bureaucracy, the private sector, and community groups. This paper examines efforts to protect public health against online markets of food and drug from the perspective of the roles of the government, the private sector, and the community. The research approach used is qualitative with a descriptive analysis method. The data collection technique was carried out by means of a literature study. The government has limited resources in monitoring online markets that do not recognize geographic boundaries. The private sector has a role in creating integrated programs that support policies and pay attention to consumer rights. The community also plays a role in increasing awareness and reporting to the marketplace and BPOM on illegal products. Several suggestions, among others, need to increase the socialization of regulations; making technical regulations and pharmaceutical service standards in the online market of drugs; improvement of communication, information, and education; increasing The National of Drug and Food Control resources and increasing the role of the marketplace in filtering every product sold. In addition, it will accelerate the discussion of the drug and food control draft which is included in the Prolegnas 2021. AbstrakKemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah berdampak pada meningkatnya kegiatan jual beli obat dan makanan daring di tengah masyarakat. Pandemi Covid-19 mengubah cara masyarakat mendapatkan obat dari cara konvensional menjadi daring. Namun, tidak semua obat dan makanan yang diedarkan daring memiliki izin edar dan memenuhi persyaratan lainnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga dapat mengancam kesehatan masyarakat. Sementara itu, kebijakan pengawasan terhadap obat dan makanan yang diedarkan daring tersebar dalam berbagai peraturan perundangan. Dalam implementasinya, suatu kebijakan publik memerlukan peran dari pihak birokrasi (pemerintah), pihak swasta, dan kelompok masyarakat. Tulisan ini mengkaji upaya pelindungan kesehatan masyarakat terhadap peredaran obat dan makanan daring dari perspektif peran pemerintah, pihak swasta, dan masyarakat. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara studi kepustakaan. Pemerintah memiliki sumber daya terbatas dalam mengawasi peredaran obat dan makanan daring yang tidak mengenal batas geografi. Pihak swasta berperan dalam membuat program terintegrasi yang mendukung kebijakan dan memperhatikan hak-hak konsumen. Masyarakat juga berperan dalam meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan melaporkan kepada pihak lokapasar maupun Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) terhadap produk ilegal. Saran perbaikan kebijakan, antara lain: perlu peningkatan sosialisasi peraturan; pembuatan peraturan teknis dan standar pelayanan kefarmasian dalam peredaran daring obat; peningkatan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi; peningkatan sumber daya BPOM; dan peningkatan peran lokapasar dalam menyaring setiap produk yang dijual. Selain itu, mempercepat pembahasan RUU tentang Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (RUU POM) yang masuk Prolegnas Prioritas 2021. RUU POM diharapkan menjadi payung hukum dalam pengawasan obat dan makanan termasuk peredaran daring.

Pengembangan Kebijakan Profesi Bidan dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Yuningsih, Rahmi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 7, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

This study aims to determine the condition of maternal and child health, midwifery profession profile, and the development of professionalism on midwifery to improve maternal and child health through education; accreditation, registration and license; either standalone midwifery care, collaboration and referral system; and continuity strategy deployment village midwives. The study used qualitative methods. The data collected in 2016 through literature and interviews with relevant stakeholders with the drafting of legislation on midwifery. The study concluded that the health condition of maternal and child in Indonesia have not been good enough. It was seen at the High Maternal Mortality rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia. In 2012 MMR stood at 359 per 100,000 live births. While IMR in 2012 amounted to 32 per 1,000 live births. Midwifery personnel was a woman who graduated from midwife recognized by the government and professional organizations in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia and has the competence and qualifications to be registered, certified or legally licensed to practice midwifery run. Midwifery personnel professionalism need to be developed, so that midwifery personnel have the knowledge, skills and behaviors are superior and that uphold ethics and health law. The development of the midwifery profession it is a necessity to anticipate changes in science and technology, the development of society’s demands will midwifery care quality, increased public awareness of the health law, users demand services obstetrics, rapid changes in government policies, and global competition increasingly strict. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan ibu dan anak, profil tenaga kebidanan, dan pengembangan profesionalisme tenaga kebidanan guna meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan anak melalui aspek pendidikan kebidanan; akreditasi, registrasi dan lisensi profesi bidan; pelayanan kebidanan baik mandiri, kolaborasi maupun rujukan; dan strategi kontinuitas penyebaran bidan di desa. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan pada tahun 2016 melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara dengan para pemangku kepentingan terkait dengan penyusunan rancangan undang-undang kebidanan. Studi ini menyimpulkan kondisi kesehatan ibu dan anak di Indonesia belum cukup baik. Hal itu terlihat pada masih tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) di Indonesia. Tahun 2012 AKI tercatat sebesar 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Sedangkan AKB pada tahun 2012 sebesar 32 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Tenaga kebidanan adalah seorang perempuan yang lulus dari pendidikan bidan yang diakui pemerintah dan organisasi profesi di wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia serta memiliki kompetensi dan kualifikasi untuk diregister, sertifikasi dan atau secara sah mendapat lisensi untuk menjalankan praktik kebidanan. Tenaga kebidanan perlu dikembangkan profesionalismenya, agar tenaga kebidanan memiliki pengetahuan, keterampilan dan perilaku yang unggul serta yang menjunjung tinggi etika dan hukum kesehatan. Pengembangan profesi bidan itu merupakan sebuah keniscayaan untuk mengantisipasi perubahan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, perkembangan tuntutan kebutuhan masyarakat akan pelayanan kebidanan yang berkualitas, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan hukum kesehatan, permintaan pengguna jasa pelayanan kebidanan, perubahan yang cepat dalam kebijakan pemerintah, dan persaingan global yang semakin ketat

Penguatan Kendali Pemerintah Terhadap Peredaran Obat Dan Makanan Yuningsih, Rahmi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 8, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Food and drug are important components of the National Health System. The use of food and drug need to consider some aspects of safety, quality, efficacy/benefit, and nutrition. The drug cost aspect should be taken into consideration as well because the drug contributes to a high spending of national health expenditure. Food and drug are closely monitored through pre-market and post-market control. However, there are still many cases related to the supply chain and the use of illegal food and drug, such as an illegal vaccine case in 2003 that was successfully revealed in 2016. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen pre-market and post-market control. Qualitative method is used. Data were collected through interviews and literature review on the drafting of the Bill on Drug and Food Control and the Indonesian use of Traditional Medicine Indonesian in Expert of the DPR RI in 2017. The result showed that one of the efforts to strengthen food and drug control is through institutional strengthening. Such as establishment of Drug and Food Investigator of Control Agencies at district/city level and increased capacity of food and drug supervisors and Civil Servant Drug and Food Investigator of Control Agencies. Obat dan makanan merupakan komponen penting dalam Sistem Kesehatan Nasional. Penggunaan obat dan makanan perlu mempertimbangkan aspek keamanan, mutu, khasiat/manfaat, dan gizi. Aspek biaya juga perlu menjadi pertimbangan, dikarenakan obat menyumbang tingginya pengeluaran belanja kesehatan suatu negara. Peredaran obat dan makanan harus diawasi secara ketat melalui upaya pengawasan pre-market dan post-market. Namun demikian, masih banyak ditemukan kasus terkait peredaran dan penggunaan obat dan makanan ilegal seperti kasus vaksin palsu yang sudah berlangsung sejak tahun 2003 dan berhasil diungkap pada tahun 2016. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya penguatan pengawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan dalam kegiatan penyusunan naskah akademik dan draft RUU Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan serta Pemanfaatan Obat Asli Indonesia yang dilakukan di Pusat Perancangan Undang-Undang Badan Keahlian DPR RI tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya penguatan pengawasan obat dan makanan dapat dilakukan melalui penguatan kelembagaan yaitu pembentukan Unit Pelaksana Teknis Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (UPT BPOM) sampai ke tingkat kabupaten/kota dan peningkatan kapasitas tenaga pengawas obat dan makanan serta Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (PPNS BPOM).

Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kejadian Luar Biasa Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kabupaten Tangerang Yuningsih, Rahmi
Jurnal Aspirasi Vol 9, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Tangerang Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia which was declared a Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) outbreak. Some policies have been made to respond to this outbreak but they have not been effective in reducing the rate of DHF prevalence. This research is a qualitative study to learn more about DHF outbreak in Tangerang Regency; the policies to control DHF outbreak and the implementation of these policies with their constraints. From 2013 to 2015, there were 373, 412 and 371 DHF cases. In 2016 there were 1,253 DHF cases with 22 deaths. The drastic increase got Tangerang Regency the status of DHF outbreak by the Minister of Health. The implementation of DHF policy focused on mosquito controlling activities, epidemiological investigations, fogging, and handling of DHF patients. There are several obstacles such as the lack of number of health epidemiologists at primary health care and local health officer. This has an impact on the implementation of surveillance and epidemiological activities in detecting DHF outbreak in Tangerang Regency. In addition, efforts to eliminate DHF outbreaks were hampered by the awareness of the people in community who did not prioritize mosquito controlling activities over fogging.AbstrakKabupaten Tangerang merupakan salah satu daerah di Indonesia yang dinyatakan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Permasalahannya, berbagai kebijakan pusat maupun daerah telah dibuat untuk merespons KLB tersebut, namun belum efektif menekan laju prevalensi penyakit DBD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tujuan mengetahui KLB penyakit DBD di Kabupaten Tangerang; kebijakan penanggulangan KLB di Kabupaten Tangerang; dan pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut beserta kendalanya. Dari tahun 2013 hingga 2015, tercatat sebanyak 373, 412, dan 371 kasus DBD. Jumlah tersebut mengalami peningkatan drastis pada tahun 2016 menjadi 1.253 kasus DBD dengan kejadian meninggal sebanyak 22 orang. Peningkatan yang drastis tersebut membuat Kabupaten Tangerang dinyatakan dengan status KLB oleh Menteri Kesehatan. Upaya penanggulangan difokuskan pada kegiatan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk, penyelidikan epidemiologi, fogging, dan penanganan penderita DBD. Dalam pelaksanaannya, terdapat beberapa kendala seperti kurangnya epidemiolog kesehatan di tingkat puskesmas dan kedinasan setempat. Hal ini berdampak pada belum maksimal pelaksanaan kegiatan penyelidikan epidemiologi dalam mendeteksi KLB penyakit DBD di Kabupaten Tangerang. Selain itu, upaya penanggulangan KLB DBD terhambat oleh kesadaran masyarakat yang belum mengutamakan kegiatan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk dibanding upaya fogging.

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