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All Journal Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry
Ponnuraj, Kannan Thirumulu
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Assessment of DNA Damage of Oral Mucosa due to Ceramic Bracket Using Comet Assay and Mutagenicity of Orthodontic Bonding System Using Ames Test Adham, Riaz; Ab Rahman, Norma; Ponnuraj, Kannan Thirumulu
Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Vol. 30, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the DNA damage caused by ceramic bracket (Clear II, SIA Orthodontic Manufacturer Srl, Italy) on human buccal mucosal cells using comet assay and the mutagenicity of orthodontic bonding system (Transbond XT; 3M Unitek) by Ames test. Methods: In this study, twenty orthodontic patients were recruited from Specialist Orthodontic Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The Buccal mucosal cell sample was obtained from each patient at three time points-before (TO), after one month (T1) and after two months (T2) of ceramic bracket placement for performing comet assay. The spot test version of Ames test was performed using four Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) tester strains (TA 98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537) for mutagenicity testing. Total comet score (TCS) and damage frequency (DF) were used to determine the DNA damage using non-parametric Friedman test followed by multiple pairwise comparison. The Ames test was analysed by a non-statistical method based on revertant growth ring formation. Results: There was no significant change of both TCS and DF between T0 and T1, but both parameters increased significantly from T0 to T1 and from T1 to T2. Non-statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the results of Ames test based on the formation of revertant colony growth ring. None of the S. Typhimurium tester strains showed any revertant growth ring formation around the light cure adhesive primer. Conclusion: Ceramic bracket does not cause any DNA damage on human buccal mucosal cells and light cure adhesive primer is non mutagenic under the present test conditions.
Antimicrobial activities of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil against several oral pathogens and its volatile compounds Ahmad Kamal, Henny Zaliyana; Tuan Ismail, Tuan Nadrah Naim; Arief, Erry Mochamad; Ponnuraj, Kannan Thirumulu
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 32, No 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol32no1.24966

Abstract

Introduction: Cymbopogon nardus is a strong aromatic plant with relevant medicinal properties due to its essential chemical compounds and its potential therapeutic effects. This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of citronella essential oil against several oral pathogens and to identify the volatile compounds. Methods: The essential oil of C. nardus was purchased from Excellent Wisdom Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia. The source of raw material was collected from Malacca, the southern region of Malaysia, and the company made its taxonomic identification. An experimental in-vitro study was conducted on the essential oil processed from C. nardus genus Cymbopogon of Poaceae family. The in-vitro antimicrobial activities of C. nardus essential oil were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus sobrinus (ATCC 33478), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) using agar well diffusion assay. The identification of the volatile compounds was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The C. nardus essential oil exhibited inhibitory activity against C. albicans at the concentration of 6.25%, whereby the inhibitory activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus began at the concentration of 25%. The antimicrobial activity of C. nardus essential oil was statistically significant at the concentration of 50% in all tested pathogens. The GC-MS analysis of the C. nardus essential oil revealed the presence of few constituents, which include monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds. Monoterpenes were the major identified terpenoids and contributed to 54.45% of the total volatile composition. The main identified monoterpenes were citronellal (11.35%), z-Citral (11.34%), β-Myrcene (6.70%), and β-Trans-ocimene (6.03%), which was the first time β-Myrcene and β-Trans-ocimene was found in high percentage. Conclusion: C. nardus essential oil is an active antibacterial agent against several oral pathogens, and the percentages of active volatile compounds are different within different origins.
Co-Authors Ab Rahman, Norma Adham, Riaz Ahmad Kamal, Henny Zaliyana Erry Mochamad Arief, Erry Mochamad Tuan Ismail, Tuan Nadrah Naim