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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Oduol, Vitalice Kalecha
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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GPON and V-band mmWave in green backhaul solution for 5G ultra-dense network Ajani, Ayodeji Akeem; Oduol, Vitalice Kalecha; Adeyemo, Zachaeus Kayode
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 11, No 1: February 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp390-401

Abstract

Ultra-dense network (UDN) is characterized by massive deployment of small cells which resulted into complex backhauling of the cells. This implies that for 5G UDN to be energy efficient, appropriate backhauling solutions must be provided. In this paper, we have evaluated the performance of giga passive optical network (GPON) and V-band millimetre wave (mmWave) in serving as green backhaul solution for 5G UDN. The approach was to first reproduce existing backhaul solutions in Very Dense Network (VDN) scenario which served as benchmark for the performance evaluation for the UDN scenario. The best two solutions, GPON and V-band solutions from the VDN were then deployed in 5G UDN scenario. The research was done by simulation in MATLAB. The performance metrics used were power consumption and energy efficiency against the normalized hourly traffic profile. The result revealed that GPON and V-band mmWave outperformed other solutions in VDN scenario. However, this performance significantly dropped in the UDN scenariodue to higher data traffic requirement of UDN compared to VDN. Thus, it can be concluded that GPON and V-band mmWave are not best suited to serve as green backhaul solution for 5G UDN necessitating further investigation of other available backhaul technologies.
Design and performance evaluation of a 350 m free space optical communications link for pico-macrocell backhauling Kassim, Abduljalal Yusha'u; Oduol, Vitalice Kalecha; Usman, Aliyu Danjuma
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp2725-2736

Abstract

Fibreless optics or free space optical communications (FSOC) has been at the forefront of many academic research in telecommunications due to its numerous benefits of large spectrum, high-speed data transmission, security, low transmit power, unlicensed spectrum and non-interfering links. Among the technical challenges of dense deployment of small cells in heterogeneous networks (HetNet) is a flexible and cost-effective backhaul link. This paper proposes, designs, simulates and evaluates the performance of a 350 m FSOC link under different atmospheric impairments for picocell to macrocell backhauling applications. The performance of the FSOC link is assessed by evaluating bit error rate (BER), eye diagram and quality factor (Q-factor). Results obtained recommend the FSOC link deployment for pico-macrocell backhauling under the weather conditions of clear sky with/without turbulence, heavy rain, heavy haze, heavy fog and wet snow.
Outage analysis of a single-threshold hard-switching hybrid FSO/RF system for reliable pico-macrocell backhauling Kassim, Abduljalal Yusha’u; Oduol, Vitalice Kalecha; Usman, Aliyu Danjuma
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 36, No 3: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1543-1554

Abstract

In the quest for high-speed, reliable and cost-effective backhaul solutions for modern cellular networks, the hybrid free space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) communication system is envisaged to be a promising technology. The hybrid system merges the benefits of both RF and FSO subsystems, delivering high data rates and reliability. The integration of both technologies improves the communication system's performance by addressing the inherent limitations of each. This study proposes a single-threshold hard-switching hybrid FSO/RF system for reliable pico-macrocell backhauling applications. We formulated closed-form expressions for the cumulative density functions (CDFs), probability density functions (PDFs), and outage probability (OP) for RF-only, FSO-only and hybrid FSO/RF links. The rician fading and gamma-gamma (G-G) channel distributions were utilized, respectively. The average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) determines the switching mechanism based on the defined threshold and atmospheric condition. Simulation results and analysis demonstrated that, at any average SNR above the defined threshold, the hybrid system’s OP outperforms that of the RF-only and FSO-only links under most conditions. The analysis illustrates that employing the hybrid FSO/RF system enhances reliability and boosts overall system performance in pico-macrocell backhauling scenarios, surpassing the performance of standalone FSO-only or RF-only links.
Inset-fed microstrip patch antenna optimization for 2.4 GHz using surrogate model assisted differential evolution machine learning algorithm Alaba, Magnoudewa; Onyango Konditi, Dominic Bernard; Oduol, Vitalice Kalecha
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 36, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp901-912

Abstract

In this work, we have used the surrogate model assisted differential evolution (SADEA) to model a one and two-element inset-fed patch antenna array to optimize its parameters for efficiency and usability. The microstrip patch antennas operates in a frequency band of 2.4 GHz. The optimization process focused on fine-tuning the patch length, patch width, and notch width to enhance key performance metrics directivity, return loss, and bandwidth. The design is made in CST software with an FR-4 substrate and simulated in the ADE1.0 software a MATLAB toolbox. Significant enhancements were achieved including a directivity gain of 3.04 dB, and 5.58 dB a return loss of -19 dB, -16 dB, and an expanded impedance bandwidth from 0.0798 GHz, 0.0588 GHz to 0.0951 GHz, 0.0824 GHz respectively. The antenna was constructed and then measured. The findings showed that the measurements and the fabrication process closely matched, especially in terms of return loss.
Co-Authors Ajani, Ayodeji Akeem Alaba, Magnoudewa Kassim, Abduljalal Yusha'u Kassim, Abduljalal Yusha’u Onyango Konditi, Dominic Bernard Usman, Aliyu Danjuma Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo