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All Journal IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Sharma, Sharad
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Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology

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Synthesis and characterization of anti-infective agents Sharma, Monika; Sharma, Sonu; Arora, Neha; Sharma, Shreya; Matta, Yogesh; Sharma, Sharad
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1018.787 KB) | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2019.v.7.i.4.002

Abstract

Antifungal chemotherapy depends on bio-chemical alterations between fungi and mammals. Unlike bacteria, which are prokaryotes, both fungi and mammals are eukaryotes and the biochemical differences between them are not significant. However, there are some differences (in structure & metabolism) and focus is on these differences that act as targets for development of antifungal agents. The current recommendation of standard TB chemotherapy, called Directly observed treatment (DOTS) is a therapy of six month in which consists an first two-month phase of cure with four first-line drugs i.e. isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol. In this study large number of compounds is manufactured in which Most of the tested molecules showed maximum bacteriological growth inhibition at tested concentration. The combinations (7e, 7g, 7h, 7i and 7u) exhibited bacteriological growth inhibition at concentration of less than 40.0μg/ml against both microorganisms. Compounds (7o) showed growth of inhibition at 2.5μg/ml against both microorganisms. Additional challenging for all compounds at lower concentrations is mandatory to compare their activity through standard Streptomycin at its MIC to get exact MIC the manufactured combinations. Thus it can be concluded that designed 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (7a-v) were manufactured successfully using planned synthetic outline. After manufactured the molecules were characterized using spectroscopy analysis and tested for the biological activity. All combinations showed anti-bacterial action at tested concentration against both gram positive and gram negative organisms and one of the compound 7o showed activity at concentration <2.5 μg/ml. Thus, these 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole results can then act as a potential principal for drug discovery of novel anti-infective agents.
Development, standardization of polyherbal formulation of analgesic ointment of plant Carum copticum, Mentha piperita, Cedrus deodara Sharma, Sharad; Sharma, Sonu; Pradhan, Pankaj; Pathak, Shailesh; Sharma, Monika
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (594.743 KB) | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2019.v.8.i.1.004

Abstract

Ayurveda is one of the world’s oldest systems of medicine. It originated in India and has evolved there over thousands of years. The term “Ayurveda” combines then Sanskrit words ayur (life) andVeda (science or knowledge). Ayurveda means “the science of life. Medicinal plants and herbal drugs have played a key role in world health. According to world health organization (WHO), about 80% of the world population currently utilizes the herbal drugs. People are using herbal medicines from centuries for safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability, non-toxic, lesser side effects and easily available at affordable prices. In recent times, there has been a move in universal trend from synthetic to herbal medicine due to side effects of synthetic products. Herbal products may contain a single herb or combinations of several different herbs believed to have complementary and /synergistic effects. Some herbal products, including many traditional medicine formulations, also include animal products and minerals. Herbal products are sold as either raw plants or extracts of portions of the plant or in the form formulation i.e. tablet, capsule, syrup, cream and ointment etc. The different parts of plants with analgesic were taken up for the present study and investigated for the phytochemical screening and used for the formulation of analgesic ointment. Present study deals with formulation, Standardization, evaluation of ointment made from alcoholic extract and essential oil of different plants.
Synthesis and characterization of 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)thione derivatives Pathak, Shailesh; Sharma, Sharad; Pathak, Vinay; Prasad, Mahesh
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2020.v.8.i.4.50.61

Abstract

1,3,4-oxadiazoles represent a class of heterocyclic five membered compounds it contain two nitrogen and one oxygen of great importance in Pharmaceutical chemistry. This nucleus show four isomeric forms 1,2,4-oxadiazole,1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,2,3-oxadiazole. This nucleus has various biological activity such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, antidepressant, anticancer, analgesic etc.  have been reported. A series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles-2(3H)thione derivative has been synthesized in four steps and the derivative were characterized by FTIR spectral analysis. This article explain the different biological activities associated with 1,3,4-oxadiazole five membered ring are useful for researchers across the world working on this nucleus.
Evaluation of toxicity studies of Sesbania grandiflora leaves extracts in Wistar albino rats Sharma, Sharad; Semwal, Bhupesh Chander; Mazumder, Avijit
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.42.51

Abstract

Objective: Sesbania grandiflora is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and it is used to treat several disorders. The current investigation aims to analyze the negative consequences of short and long-term administration of hydroalcoholic extract of S. grandiflora leaf in experimental animals.  Materials and Methods:  Acute and subacute toxicity were the two phases in which the entire examination was completed. In phase first, acute toxicity was performed at the dose of (2000, mg/kg) and adverse effect was recorded. However, in sub-acute toxicity the effect of different doses of (1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) were studied for twenty-eight days. Animals were euthanized on the last day of the investigation, and selected internal body organs and samples of the blood were taken from each animal for histological, biochemical, and haematological analysis.  Results:  The result of the current investigation showed that the LD50 of S. grandiflora was observed more than 2000 mg/kg, Furthermore, experimental animals did not experience any mortality or alterations in their behavioral patterns when S. grandiflora was administered repeatedly at 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg or in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg.   Besides this, S. grandiflora also did not significantly modify any of the biochemical or haematological markers, or the histological analyses of selected organs. Conclusion: The results of the above research revealed that the orally administration of S. grandiflora extract did not exhibit any apparent harmful effects in experimental animals. Hence, S. grandiflora could be regarded as a safe and can be used for the therapeutic purpose in human being.
Microscopic, pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of Sesbania grandiflora leaves Sharma, Sharad; Semwal, Bhupesh Chander; Mazumder, Avijit
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i3.577

Abstract

Objective: Sesbania grandiflora is a short-lived and fast-growing edible ornamental plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. Due to its unique therapeutic characteristics such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective antioxidant, etc., it is utilized as an herbal medication in the Indian traditional medical system to treat various diseases. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to offer certain beneficial information regarding the standardization and identification of S. grandiflora leaf, which may be helpful in terms of its validity, purity, and quality. Methods: The micro- and macroscopical study of fresh and dried leaves of Sesbania grandiflora was investigated. Physicochemical parameters were performed according to WHO-recommended parameters. The dried leaves were powdered and extracted with different solvents in a Soxhlet apparatus. The concentrated extract was further used for physiochemical and phytochemical studies. Result:  The fresh leaves of S. grandiflora were examined for their organoleptic characteristics. The leaves are regular compound and pari-pinnate with an average length of 15–30 cm long with green color. The transverse section of the leaf demonstrated the presence of spongy and palisade type of mesophyll cells. Stomata are anxiolytic and anisocytic stomata. Furthermore, Powder microscopy revealed the presence of simple epidermal hairs, dark yellowish-brown tannin fragments, light yellowish resinoids, oil globules, mucilage cells, and spiral vessels. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of triterpenes, glycosides, tannins,  flavonoids, gallic acid, biotin, and rutin. Conclusion: This study adds to the body of knowledge regarding the standardization and identification of the subject matter and facilitates future research on the Ayurvedic medical system.
Enhanced deepfake detection using an ensemble of convolutional neural networks Ralhen, Yeeshu; Sharma, Sharad
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 14, No 5: October 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i5.pp4043-4049

Abstract

Digital media integrity and authenticity have been seriously challenged with the rise of deepfakes. The challenge is to automatically detect this artificial intelligence (AI) generated manipulations. These manipulations or forgeries can cause harmful consequences such as spreading fake news in politics, scamming people online and invading privacy. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) models are found to be good at classification tasks, but the performance could not reach high accuracy, especially when they were tested on more challenging deepfake datasets. In this paper we present a deepfake detection system based on an ensemble of CNN architectures, ResNet50 and EfficientNet, capable of distinguishing between real and deepfake videos with high accuracy. For the experiment, we have chosen Celeb-DF version 2, as it has emerged to be one of the most challenging deepfake dataset. The ensemble model achieved an F1-score of 94.69% and an accuracy of 90.58%, outperforming the individual CNN models. This study shows that ensemble learning can increase the reliability and accuracy of deepfake detection systems on challenging datasets.
Internet of robotic things: Design and develop the quality of service framework for the healthcare sector using CoAP Kumar, Arun; Sharma, Sharad
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 10, No 4: December 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v10i4.pp289-295

Abstract

The number of robotics used globally is gradually growing, according to a variety of research. They are becoming more and more popular in different workplaces, like manufacturing, distribution, medical conditions, military, inaccessible areas, etc. The int ernet of things (IoT) and robotics groups have until now been guided by a set of, but somewhat compatible, goals, which are mainly to help knowledge systems in the field of general sensing, tracking, and monitoring. Therefore, the development of an interne t of robotic things (IoRT), which incorporates the outcome from both cultures, is progressively said to have a significant added benefit. Internet of robotic thin gs, the intersection of the Internet of Things and robotics, is where self - sufficient machines will assemble information from various sensors and speak with one another to perform errands including basic reasoning. As the name suggests, IoRT is the combination of two front - line innovations, the internet of things and robotics . People can manage any electronic device in homes with IoT and can also be used in contactless applications in healthcare. The constrained application protocol (CoAP), for the management and control of a community of homogeneous sensor modules, has recently endorsed multicast c ommunications in IoRT. It will boost connectivity performance, less power consumption due to data aggregation, and enhanced security features with DTLS security features for various applications for the internet of things . This paper presents an implementa tion of the CoAP framework on IoRT sky motes using the C ontiki C ooja Simulator that will be a useful healthcare sector that will confirm their potential and therefore, new research directions are outlined.
Co-Authors Arora, Neha Kumar, Arun Matta, Yogesh Mazumder, Avijit Pathak, Shailesh Pathak, Vinay Pradhan, Pankaj Prasad, Mahesh Ralhen, Yeeshu Semwal, Bhupesh Chander Sharma, Monika Sharma, Shreya Sharma, Sonu