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PHILOSOPHICAL VALUES IN NUMBER THEORY OF IKHWĀN AL-ṢAFĀ' Walid, Kholid Al; Miri, Mohsen; Rijal, Syamsul; Lestari, Ayu; Norman, Nurul Ain
Islam Futura Vol 24, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v24i2.20960

Abstract

In mathematics, especially Arithmetic, there is a theory of numbers that can represent philosophical values. Mathematics is often presented with materialist values without deep meaning. One group of classical philosophers with mathematical thoughts, especially number theory, which explains the number material itself and relates it to meaningful philosophical values, is Ikhwān al-Ṣafā'. This research aims to reveal the philosophical values contained in the thought of the number. Using a qualitative research method based on a literature study approach, the researcher specifically examines the phenomenal book Rasā'il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā' as a primary source as well as other relevant references as secondary sources. The study found that in the number theory of Ikhwān al-Ṣafā', there are philosophical values such as monotheism described by the characteristics of the number one and the value of creation described by the sequence of the number ladder. This research initiates a discourse on the philosophy of numbers that previously has never been studied for it will serve as a pioneer for further research.
DISCOURSE ON MOVEMENT AND THE THEORY OF TRANSUBSTANTIAL MOVEMENT OF MULLĀ ṢADRĀ IN THE PROCESS OF PERFECTION OF THE SOUL Walid, Kholid Al
Kanz Philosophia: A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Sadra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20871/kpjipm.v10i2.380

Abstract

Motion is a natural law that both physicists and philosopher’s study. Physicists persistently pursued the concept of motion, but motion in modern science is only elaborated as a material natural phenomenon so do the Greek and peripatetic philosophers in the Islamic philosophy tradition. The fundamental question this article wants to answer is whether motion is only limited to material and accidental as believed by Physicists and Greek and peripatetic philosophers in the Islamic philosophy tradition. Mullā Ṣadrā, the philosopher of muta‘āliyah wisdom, shows evidence that motion is not limited to these two things but also occurs at the substance level (al-ḥarakah al-jawhariyyah). The problem in this case, which is also related to the Soul as the Substance of the human self is whether the soul experiences motion and if the soul experiences motion, what kind of motion happens to it. To answer this, a literature study was conducted using an analytical argumentative approach commonly used in philosophical research. Based on the evidence used by Mullā Ṣadrā, it can be proven that the movement is not only limited to the accidental level but also the substance level besides the soul experiences movement, which is the movement of perfection in the physical and spiritual as well as in the world and afterlife.
Al-'Ilm Al-udhri: Philosophical Epistemology and Sufism Common Ground Walid, Kholid Al; Darmawan, Darmawan; Barra, Ni'mah Umm Hani D.; Norman, Nurul Ain
Jurnal Fuaduna : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/fuaduna.v7i2.7348

Abstract

This article investigates the possibility of finding common ground between philosophy and Sufism. It aims to answer whether these two can converge on an epistemological level. The discourse of al-'ilm al-ẖudhūri  was used to answer this question. The main source for this article's study is the works of Mulla Sadra and Suhrawardi, which are analyzed descriptively with a philosophical approach. This article concludes that al-'ilm al-ẖudhūri is a form of real knowledge obtained by individuals directly from God without needing mental representation or linguistic symbolism. This knowledge is spiritual, not sensory-rational. Mulla Sadra and Suhrawardi believe that the only way to obtain this knowledge is through spiritual observation by practicing Sufism, which involves the rites of mujahadah and riyadhah.