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PHILOSOPHICAL VALUES IN NUMBER THEORY OF IKHWĀN AL-ṢAFĀ' Walid, Kholid Al; Miri, Mohsen; Rijal, Syamsul; Lestari, Ayu; Norman, Nurul Ain
Islam Futura Vol 24, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v24i2.20960

In mathematics, especially Arithmetic, there is a theory of numbers that can represent philosophical values. Mathematics is often presented with materialist values without deep meaning. One group of classical philosophers with mathematical thoughts, especially number theory, which explains the number material itself and relates it to meaningful philosophical values, is Ikhwān al-Ṣafā'. This research aims to reveal the philosophical values contained in the thought of the number. Using a qualitative research method based on a literature study approach, the researcher specifically examines the phenomenal book Rasā'il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā' as a primary source as well as other relevant references as secondary sources. The study found that in the number theory of Ikhwān al-Ṣafā', there are philosophical values such as monotheism described by the characteristics of the number one and the value of creation described by the sequence of the number ladder. This research initiates a discourse on the philosophy of numbers that previously has never been studied for it will serve as a pioneer for further research.

DISCOURSE ON MOVEMENT AND THE THEORY OF TRANSUBSTANTIAL MOVEMENT OF MULLĀ ṢADRĀ IN THE PROCESS OF PERFECTION OF THE SOUL Walid, Kholid Al
Kanz Philosophia: A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Sadra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20871/kpjipm.v10i2.380

Motion is a natural law that both physicists and philosopher’s study. Physicists persistently pursued the concept of motion, but motion in modern science is only elaborated as a material natural phenomenon so do the Greek and peripatetic philosophers in the Islamic philosophy tradition. The fundamental question this article wants to answer is whether motion is only limited to material and accidental as believed by Physicists and Greek and peripatetic philosophers in the Islamic philosophy tradition. Mullā Ṣadrā, the philosopher of muta‘āliyah wisdom, shows evidence that motion is not limited to these two things but also occurs at the substance level (al-ḥarakah al-jawhariyyah). The problem in this case, which is also related to the Soul as the Substance of the human self is whether the soul experiences motion and if the soul experiences motion, what kind of motion happens to it. To answer this, a literature study was conducted using an analytical argumentative approach commonly used in philosophical research. Based on the evidence used by Mullā Ṣadrā, it can be proven that the movement is not only limited to the accidental level but also the substance level besides the soul experiences movement, which is the movement of perfection in the physical and spiritual as well as in the world and afterlife.

Al-'Ilm Al-udhri: Philosophical Epistemology and Sufism Common Ground Walid, Kholid Al; Darmawan, Darmawan; Barra, Ni'mah Umm Hani D.; Norman, Nurul Ain
Jurnal Fuaduna : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/fuaduna.v7i2.7348

This article investigates the possibility of finding common ground between philosophy and Sufism. It aims to answer whether these two can converge on an epistemological level. The discourse of al-'ilm al-áº–udhÅ«riÂ was used to answer this question. The main source for this article's study is the works of Mulla Sadra and Suhrawardi, which are analyzed descriptively with a philosophical approach. This article concludes that al-'ilm al-áº–udhÅ«ri is a form of real knowledge obtained by individuals directly from God without needing mental representation or linguistic symbolism. This knowledge is spiritual, not sensory-rational. Mulla Sadra and Suhrawardi believe that the only way to obtain this knowledge is through spiritual observation by practicing Sufism, which involves the rites of mujahadah and riyadhah.

Representasi Teori Alam Semesta pada Kajian Studi Literatur Al Qur’an dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Robbani, Teuku Muhammad Fauzan; Walid, Kholid Al
Journal of Comprehensive Science Vol. 4 No. 10 (2025): Journal of Comprehensive Science
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/jcs.v4i10.3600

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Representasi teori alam semesta pada kajian studi literatur islam dan ilmu pengetahuan. Dalam KBBI Alam dapat diartikan sebagai segala sesuatu yang ada dilangit dan di bumi dan semesta yang berarti segenap, seluruh atau semua. Jadi, alam semesta adalah seluruh isi dunia yang mencakup segala sesuatu yang ada di bumi dan langit. Tentu Peneliti temukan bahwa alam semesta yang kebanyakan orang pahami jauh berbeda antara dulu dan sekarang serta masa yang akan datang. Semuanya terus berkembang seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi dan pemahaman setiap orang tentang alam semesta, juga disertai pula perspektif bagaimana cara setiap orang memandangnya, Disamping itu proses penelitian teori alam semesta ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yakni studi pustaka (library research), peneliti melakukan objek kajian datanya menggunakan data pustaka yang bersumber dari jurnal, tesis dan buku yang berjudul Eksistensi Kehidupan Di Alam Semesta dalam Perspektif Al Qur’an dan Sains yang disusun sebagai sumb atas kerja sama Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al Qur’an serta Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI dengan Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia untuk mendapatkan data-data tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep alam semesta dalam Al-Qur’an sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip ilmiah, seperti teori Big Bang dan ekspansi alam semesta, yang menggambarkan proses penciptaan, keteraturan, dan keseimbangan kosmos sebagai manifestasi kekuasaan Allah. Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari tentang ciptaan alam semesta dari segi islam dan ilmu pengetahuan.

Al-'Ilm Al-udhri: Philosophical Epistemology and Sufism Common Ground Walid, Kholid Al; Darmawan, Darmawan; Barra, Ni'mah Umm Hani D.; Norman, Nurul Ain
Jurnal Fuaduna : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/fuaduna.v7i2.7348

This article investigates the possibility of finding common ground between philosophy and Sufism. It aims to answer whether these two can converge on an epistemological level. The discourse of al-'ilm al-áº–udhÅ«riÂ was used to answer this question. The main source for this article's study is the works of Mulla Sadra and Suhrawardi, which are analyzed descriptively with a philosophical approach. This article concludes that al-'ilm al-áº–udhÅ«ri is a form of real knowledge obtained by individuals directly from God without needing mental representation or linguistic symbolism. This knowledge is spiritual, not sensory-rational. Mulla Sadra and Suhrawardi believe that the only way to obtain this knowledge is through spiritual observation by practicing Sufism, which involves the rites of mujahadah and riyadhah.

PHILOSOPHICAL VALUES IN NUMBER THEORY OF IKHWĀN AL-ṢAFĀ' Walid, Kholid Al; Miri, Mohsen; Rijal, Syamsul; Lestari, Ayu; Norman, Nurul Ain
Islam Futura Vol 24 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v24i2.20960

In mathematics, especially Arithmetic, there is a theory of numbers that can represent philosophical values. Mathematics is often presented with materialist values without deep meaning. One group of classical philosophers with mathematical thoughts, especially number theory, which explains the number material itself and relates it to meaningful philosophical values, is Ikhwān al-Ṣafā'. This research aims to reveal the philosophical values contained in the thought of the number. Using a qualitative research method based on a literature study approach, the researcher specifically examines the phenomenal book Rasā'il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā' as a primary source as well as other relevant references as secondary sources. The study found that in the number theory of Ikhwān al-Ṣafā', there are philosophical values such as monotheism described by the characteristics of the number one and the value of creation described by the sequence of the number ladder. This research initiates a discourse on the philosophy of numbers that previously has never been studied for it will serve as a pioneer for further research.

Philosophy and Religion in Abdurrahman Wahid’s Post-Secularism Thought Walid, Kholid Al; Miri, Mohsen; Norman, Nurul Ain
FIKRAH Vol 13, No 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam, Fakultas Ushuluddin, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/fikrah.v13i1.28842

The research aim is to discuss the relationship between philosophy and religion in the thought of Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur), framed within the context of post-secularism. Gus Dur challenges the problem of the rigid dichotomy between philosophy and religion and then encourages an inclusive and dialogical approach through philosophical concepts, consisting of “Pancasila”, “Neo-Modernism and Utilitarianism”, and “Islamic Society”. Gus Dur viewed religion and philosophy as having the potential to mutually enrich and advance social life mutually. The research uses a qualitative method and a philosophical approach to examine how Gus Dur’s thinking can be understood within the framework of post-secularism in the context of Indonesia. This research seeks to illuminate how Gus Dur’s ideas contribute to redefining the relationship between religion and philosophy in the post-secular landscape of Indonesia by bridging spiritual and rational realms. Gus Dur views religion and philosophy not as opposing realms but as two ways of understanding truth. In his view, religion provides meaning and purpose in life, while philosophy offers tools for critical and rational thinking about life’s problems. He rejects secularism, which separates religion from the public sphere and proposes a post-secularism approach that recognizes the role of religion in public life while still respecting the values of rationality.

Mulla Sadra's Realism on The Principle of Ittihad al-'Aqil wa al-Ma'qul: A Response to Modern Realism Walid, Kholid Al
FIKRAH Vol 11, No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam, Fakultas Ushuluddin, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/fikrah.v11i2.23062

This article attempts to show Mulla Sadra’s model of realism by tracing it through his philosophical principles, especially the principle of Ittihad 'Aqil wa Ma'qul (subject-object unity). Furthermore, the study of the Sadra realism model, which is based on the principle of Ittihad 'Aqil wa Ma'qul, is presented to respond to fundamental epistemic-ontological issues, namely the relationship between the subject’s consciousness and external objects, in order to strengthen belief in the nature and existence of external reality, which is independent of contamination of the subject's mental decisions (mind-independent reality). How does the subject's consciousness relate to external objects? This problem is still an anxiety and has not been resolved by modern philosophers who focus on the discourse of perception, giving rise to various schools of realism, which are represented by two major schools: direct realism and indirect realism. By overcoming these epistemic problems, ultimately, this effort leads to the confirmation of Mulla Sadra's more original and comprehensive model of realism. This paper is attempted using a critical-analytical method, namely analyzing Mulla Sadra's philosophical ideas on the Ittihad 'Aqil wa Ma'qul principles and the views of modern realism by focusing on the issue of perception. The conclusions drawn from the results of the analysis of the Ittihad 'Aqil wa Ma'qul were used as a basis for responding to modern realism as well as an affirmation of Mulla Sadra's style of realism.

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