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Hadis Dan Sunnah Nabi Dalam Perspektif Joseph Schacht Anwar, Latifah
Al-Bayan: Jurnal Ilmu al-Qur'an dan Hadist Vol 3 No 2 (2020): Juni
Publisher : LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Qur'an Wali Songo Situbondo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35132/albayan.v4i2.91

Abstract

Research about Hadith authenticity becomes Orientalist’s preferred study. Joseph Schacht, one of orientalist researcher had researched and criticized Hadith authenticity. Schacht assumed that Sunnah was not formerly from Prophet Muhammad, but it was the continuity of Arabian traditions which were revised and done continuously by Moslem and hold up to Prophet Muhammad. Schacht assumed that Prophet’s sunnah had not been established surely to Hadith. Schacht’s research was started by studying Islam law establishment process. Then, he concluded that Islam law had not been existed until Al-Sya’bi era (110H). At Tabi’in era, there was Hadith which was not available at the previous one. Hadith in Tabi’in’s era was considered complete than companions’ version. Hadith at the next version was spread out by falsification. Schacht mentioned that Isnad was part of arbitrariness in Prophet Muhammad Hadith since it was developed by different groups who expected to relate it to the previous one. Sanad reconstruction formation based on Schacht’s opinion, namely by doing backward design, known as Projecting Back theory. Sanad Hadith common indicators showed that the longer period of people far from Prophet Muhammad era, the more people narrated Hadith. Schacht mentioned that the practice of sanad Hadith was started from the simple way, then it was developed and formed the perfect sanad at the second period of third century of Hijriyah.
HERMENEUTIKA HADIS MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR Latifah Anwar
TAJDID: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Vol. 20 No. 1 (2021): Ushuluddin and Religious Studies
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Studies UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30631/tjd.v20i1.141

Abstract

Muhammad Syahrur’s point of view about hadith and sunnah was very different from hadith preacher expert. Syahrur declared that hadith was Prophet Muhammad’s life as a prophet (messenger) and hadith was the result of his interaction with the certain events in the different situation when he was alive. Muhammad Syahrur positioned hadith and sunnah as the result of history product which happened in Prophet Muhammad’s life and did not accommodate law legitimation. Further, he mentioned some rejected hadith practices, although it was identified as hadith shahih, or written in Shahihain. In understanding hadith, Syahrur equalized hermeneutics to ta’wil. He also referred to linguistic method proposed by Abu ‘Ali al-Farisi, which was presented by Ibn Jinni and Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, then inserted linguistic hermeneutics elements. Linguistic hermeneutics is the affirmation that every human language does not have synonym element. Then, every word might be disappeared throughout the history development, until create new utterance with the new meaning. Pandangan Muhammad Syahrur tentang hadis dan sunnah sangat berbeda dengan ulama hadis. Syahrur menyatakan bahwa hadis adalah kehidupan Nabi Muhammad Saw. sebagai seorang nabi (pembawa berita) dan hadis merupakan hasil interaksi beliau dengan kejadian-kejadian tertentu dalam situasi tertentu pula ketika beliau masih hidup. Muhammad Syahrur memosisikan hadis atau sunnah sebagai hasil dari produk sejarah yang terjadi dalam kehidupan Nabi Saw. dan tidak memuat legitimasi hukum. Bahkan ia memaparkan beberapa bentuk hadis yang ditolak meskipun hadis tersebut dikenal sahih, atau tertera di dalam kitab Shahihain. Dalam memahami hadis, Syahrur menyamakan hermeneutik dengan ta’wil dan ta’wil adalah hermeneutik. Ia juga berpegang kepada metode lingusitik Abu ‘Ali al-Farisi, yang direpresentasikan oleh Ibn Jinni dan ‘Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani kemudian menambahnya dengan unsur-unsur hermeneutika lingustik. Hermeneutika linguistik adalah penegasan bahwa setiap bahasa manusia tidak memiliki unsur sinonimitas. Kemudian, setiap kata bisa saja lenyap sesuai dengan perkembangan sejarah, hingga mendatangkan ungkapan baru yang bermakna baru.