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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Ahmad, Emy Zairah
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Chemistry Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy

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Journal : International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

 1 
Recent advances in passive cooling methods for photovoltaic performance enhancement Ahmad, Emy Zairah; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Jarimi, Hasila; Fazlizan, Ahmad; Elbreki, Abdelnaser; Abd Hamid, Ag Sufiyan; Rostami, Shirin; Ibrahim, Adnan
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 11, No 1: February 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp146-154

Abstract

The electrical output performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules are sensitive to temperature variations and the intensity of solar irradiance under prolonged exposure. Only 20% of solar irradiance is converted into useful electricity, and the remaining are dissipated as heat which in turns increases the module operating temperature. The increase in module operating temperature has an adverse impact on the open-circuit voltage (Voc), which results in the power conversion efficiency reduction and irreversible cell degradation rate. Hence, proper cooling methods are essential to maintain the module operating temperature within the standard test conditions (STC). This paper presents an overview of passive cooling methods for its feasibility and economic viability in comparison with active cooling. Three different passive cooling approaches are considered, namely phase change material (PCM), fin heat sink, and radiative cooling covering the discussions on the achieved cooling efficiency. The understanding of the above-mentioned state-of-the-art cooling technologies is vital for further modifications of existing PV modules to improve the efficiency of electrical output.
Recent advances in passive cooling methods for photovoltaic performance enhancement Ahmad, Emy Zairah; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Jarimi, Hasila; Fazlizan, Ahmad; Elbreki, Abdelnaser; Abd Hamid, Ag Sufiyan; Rostami, Shirin; Ibrahim, Adnan
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 11, No 1: February 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp146-154

Abstract

The electrical output performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules are sensitive to temperature variations and the intensity of solar irradiance under prolonged exposure. Only 20% of solar irradiance is converted into useful electricity, and the remaining are dissipated as heat which in turns increases the module operating temperature. The increase in module operating temperature has an adverse impact on the open-circuit voltage (Voc), which results in the power conversion efficiency reduction and irreversible cell degradation rate. Hence, proper cooling methods are essential to maintain the module operating temperature within the standard test conditions (STC). This paper presents an overview of passive cooling methods for its feasibility and economic viability in comparison with active cooling. Three different passive cooling approaches are considered, namely phase change material (PCM), fin heat sink, and radiative cooling covering the discussions on the achieved cooling efficiency. The understanding of the above-mentioned state-of-the-art cooling technologies is vital for further modifications of existing PV modules to improve the efficiency of electrical output.
Design strategies for solar photovoltaic integration in rural areas Saadon, Intan Mastura; Ahmad, Emy Zairah; Norddin, Nurbahirah; Idris, Norain
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3603-3612

Abstract

This study explores the optimization of photovoltaic (PV) systems in the Sungai Tiang Camp region, Malaysia, with a focus on determining the ideal tilt angles to maximize energy generation in a tropical environment while incorporating a cost analysis. While existing studies optimize tilt angles for energy maximization in temperate regions, this study addresses the unique climatic and socio-economic conditions of rural Malaysia. Unlike fixed-tilt assumptions common in prior work, this research explores cost-effective, manually adjustable systems tailored for local weather patterns and rural affordability. To address this, the study examines the relationship between tilt angle, solar irradiance, temperature and output power. The results are analyzed to identify optimal configurations. Results reveal that tilt angles between 5° and 10° deliver the highest energy output, with slight seasonal adjustments for efficiency improvement. These findings align with Malaysia's tropical solar profile, offering practical insights for micro-scale solar deployments in similar climates. By addressing the unique needs of remote areas, this research contributes to bridging the gap in localized PV studies. Its outcomes not only enhance the understanding of solar PV performance in tropical conditions but also provide valuable guidelines for rural electrification and sustainable energy solutions in equatorial regions worldwide.
Co-Authors Abd Hamid, Ag Sufiyan Elbreki, Abdelnaser Fazlizan, Ahmad Ibrahim, Adnan Idris, Norain Jarimi, Hasila Norddin, Nurbahirah Razak, Tajul Rosli Rostami, Shirin Saadon, Intan Mastura Sopian, Kamaruzzaman