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Recent advances in passive cooling methods for photovoltaic performance enhancement Ahmad, Emy Zairah; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Jarimi, Hasila; Fazlizan, Ahmad; Elbreki, Abdelnaser; Abd Hamid, Ag Sufiyan; Rostami, Shirin; Ibrahim, Adnan
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 11, No 1: February 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp146-154

The electrical output performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules are sensitive to temperature variations and the intensity of solar irradiance under prolonged exposure. Only 20% of solar irradiance is converted into useful electricity, and the remaining are dissipated as heat which in turns increases the module operating temperature. The increase in module operating temperature has an adverse impact on the open-circuit voltage (Voc), which results in the power conversion efficiency reduction and irreversible cell degradation rate. Hence, proper cooling methods are essential to maintain the module operating temperature within the standard test conditions (STC). This paper presents an overview of passive cooling methods for its feasibility and economic viability in comparison with active cooling. Three different passive cooling approaches are considered, namely phase change material (PCM), fin heat sink, and radiative cooling covering the discussions on the achieved cooling efficiency. The understanding of the above-mentioned state-of-the-art cooling technologies is vital for further modifications of existing PV modules to improve the efficiency of electrical output.

Recent advances in passive cooling methods for photovoltaic performance enhancement Ahmad, Emy Zairah; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Jarimi, Hasila; Fazlizan, Ahmad; Elbreki, Abdelnaser; Abd Hamid, Ag Sufiyan; Rostami, Shirin; Ibrahim, Adnan
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 11, No 1: February 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp146-154

The electrical output performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules are sensitive to temperature variations and the intensity of solar irradiance under prolonged exposure. Only 20% of solar irradiance is converted into useful electricity, and the remaining are dissipated as heat which in turns increases the module operating temperature. The increase in module operating temperature has an adverse impact on the open-circuit voltage (Voc), which results in the power conversion efficiency reduction and irreversible cell degradation rate. Hence, proper cooling methods are essential to maintain the module operating temperature within the standard test conditions (STC). This paper presents an overview of passive cooling methods for its feasibility and economic viability in comparison with active cooling. Three different passive cooling approaches are considered, namely phase change material (PCM), fin heat sink, and radiative cooling covering the discussions on the achieved cooling efficiency. The understanding of the above-mentioned state-of-the-art cooling technologies is vital for further modifications of existing PV modules to improve the efficiency of electrical output.

Biomass and organic waste conversion for sustainable bioenergy: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of current research trends and future directions Alao, Kehinde Temitope; Gilani, Syed Ihtsham-ul-Haq; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Alao, Taiwo Onaopemipo; Oyebamiji, Damilare Samuel; Oladosu, Temidayo L
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 4 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60149

The rising demand for renewable energy sources has fueled interest in converting biomass and organic waste into sustainable bioenergy. This study employs a bibliometric analysis (2013-2023) of publications to assess trends, advancements, and future prospects in this field. The analysis explores seven key research indicators, including publication trends, leading contributors, keyword analysis, and highly cited papers. We begin with a comprehensive overview of biomass as a renewable energy source and various waste-to-energy technologies. Employing Scopus and Web of Science databases alongside Biblioshiny and VOSviewer for analysis, the study investigates publication patterns, citation networks, and keyword usage. This systematic approach unveils significant trends in research focus and identifies prominent research actors (countries and institutions). Our findings reveal a significant increase in yearly publications, reflecting the growing global focus on biomass and organic waste conversion. Leading contributors include China, the United States, India, and Germany. Analysis of keywords identifies commonly used terms like "biofuels," "pyrolysis," and "lignocellulosic biomass." The study concludes by proposing future research directions, emphasizing advanced conversion technologies, integration of renewable energy sources, and innovative modelling techniques.

Electrical performance for in-situ doping of phosphorous in silver paste screen-printed contact on p-type silicon solar cell Mohd Sinin, Nurul Aqidah; Mohd Rais, Ahmad Rujhan; Mohd Ahir, Zon Fazlila; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Ibrahim, Mohd Adib
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60822

This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the efficiency of silicon solar cells by investigating the electrical performance of phosphorus-doped silver (Ag-P) pastes used in screen-printed contacts on p-type silicon wafers. Conventional silver (Ag) pastes serve as conductive contacts but lack the ability to simultaneously doped the emitter region, leading to complex fabrication processes and limiting cell efficiency. To overcome this, we explore an in-situ approach using Ag-based paste and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which combines emitter doping and contact formation, thereby simplifying fabrication while enhancing performance. In this study, both un-doped and phosphorus-doped Ag pastes were screen-printed onto planar, textured, and silicon dioxide-passivated silicon wafers, followed by annealing at 900°C by using a round quartz tube furnace with 45s in and 45s out with a holding time of the 40s. Electrical performance was measured through light-current-voltage (LIV) and quantum efficiency analyses. According to the short circuit current density (JSC) for only Ag-based paste screen-printed on only one-sided (A) and both-sided (B) indicates a higher JSC value of 9.63 mA/cm2 for A meanwhile, sample B gains 7.54 mA/cm2. For comparison, the JSC values for screen-printed Ag-P on only one side (A) and both sides (B) are 10.4 mA/cm² and 10.4 mA/cm², respectively. Thus, the overall efficiency of Ag-P screen-printed on a one-sided Si wafer was 1.65% higher than that of the rest of the samples. However, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) for Ag-P screen-printed on Si wafer display higher percentages between 80-83% and 63-73% at a wavelength range of 650 to 900 nm than the rest of the samples. The QE measurements reveal that Ag-P paste effectively mitigates surface recombination losses, resulting in higher efficiency and improved charge carrier collection. These findings indicate that Ag-P paste offers a viable alternative to conventional screen-printed contacts by enhancing both device performance and electrical efficiency through integrated doping and contact formation. This work suggests that Ag-P paste could play a vital role in advancing high-performance silicon solar cell technologies.

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collector with monofacial and bifacial solar cells: a review Fudholi, Ahmad; Mustapha, Muslizainun; Taslim, Ivan; Aliyah, Fitrotun; Gani Koto, Arthur; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 10, No 4: December 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors directly convert solar radiation into electrical and thermal energy. A PVT collector combines the functions of a PV panel and a flat plate solar collector. The development of PVT air collectors is a very promising research area. At present, PVT air collectors are used in solar drying and solar air heaters. On the basis of existing literature, most PVT air collectors were built by using monofacial PV modules. The bifacial PV modules had two active surfaces that could capture solar radiation with its front and rear surfaces. Additional sunlight absorption through both surfaces resulted in an enhanced electrical power generation compared with the conventional monofacial PV. Therefore, bifacial PVT was considered to be useful and attractive due to its potential of enhancing overall system performances, including energy and exergy efficiencies. Findings of this review indicated that PVT air collector with bifacial solar cell produced a larger amount of electrical energy, which was approximately 40% higher than a monofacial PVT. The energy and exergy efficiencies of PVT air collector with monofacial solar cells range from 27% to 94% and from 4% to 18%, respectively. For bifacial PVT, the energy and exergy efficiencies of PVT air collector range from 28% to 67% and from 8.2% to 8.4%, respectively.

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