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Ainirazali, Nurul
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Optimized Cobalt-Loaded Palm Oil Fuel Ash (Co/POFA) Catalyst for Syngas Production via Ethanol Dry Reforming Nordin, Mohamad Irfan; Ideris, Asmida; Azim Razat, Muhammad Shahim; Jamilatun, Siti; Pitoyo, Joko; Linarti, Utaminingsih; Ainirazali, Nurul
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 3 Year 2026 (October 2026) (Issue in Progress)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20662

Abstract

Converting biogenic carbon and captured CO₂ into synthesis gas (syngas) via ethanol dry reforming (EDR) offers a pathway to low-carbon fuels, but catalyst instability and coking remain key barriers. Palm-oil fuel ash (POFA), a silica-rich agro-industrial waste, was investigated in this study as a support material for cobalt loading and to evaluate its performance in EDR. Co/POFA catalysts containing 5-20 wt % Co was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted incipient wetness, calcined, and tested for EDR at 750 °C. Nitrogen physisorption, FT-IR, and post-reaction TGA were employed to correlate catalyst texture, surface chemistry, and thermal stability with ethanol and CO₂ conversion, as well as H₂ and CO yields.  Maximal, durable activity occurred at the intermediate Co loading (15 wt%), where ethanol and CO₂ conversions were ~72% and 80% initially and remained ~50% and 68% after 5 h, the ~48% H₂ yield was sustained, consistent with a loading that maximizes accessible Co sites without incurring mesopore transport limitations. Lower loading of 5 wt % Co was site-limited and heavily coked, whereas excessive loading of 20 wt % Co showed rapid deactivation attributed to pore blockage and cobalt agglomeration despite minimal coke. Optimizing cobalt dispersion on conditioned POFA enables stable syngas production under demanding EDR conditions, validating Co/POFA as a viable waste-derived catalyst for circular, CO₂-utilizing hydrogen generation. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Tailoring the Structural Evolution of Co-Supported Fibrous ZSM-5 via Hydrothermal Aging for Syngas Production in Ethanol Dry Reforming Hanafi, Nor Shuhada Solehah; Ideris, Asmida; Rahayu, Aster; Setyawan, Martomo; Aktawan, Agus; Setiabudi, Herma Dina; Ainirazali, Nurul
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: Just Accepted Manuscript and Article In Press 2026
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20686

Abstract

The catalytic dry reforming of ethanol (EDR) offers a promising approach to reduce CO2 emissions and support the less carbon-intensive processes. This study examined the effect of cobalt (Co) loading on fibrous ZSM-5 (FZSM-5), which was synthesized at hydrothermal aging times of 6, 8, and 10 h, for EDR. The catalytic evaluation was carried out at 650 °C, 1 bar, and 30,000 mL g-1 h-1 for 8 h. The results showed that hydrothermal aging time influenced the catalyst properties and catalytic performance. The catalyst aged for 8 h developed a distinct dendritic structure, a surface area of 208.9 m2 g-1, and distributed hierarchical porosity. During EDR, the 8h Co/FZSM-5 catalyst sustained stable ethanol conversion and produced a favorable H2/CO ratio of 1.55. By contrast, the 6h catalyst showed low crystallinity, while the 10h catalyst underwent extended crystal growth that limited mass transfer. TGA results further showed that the 8h catalyst limited carbon deposition more effectively and exhibited less deactivation better than the other samples. These findings provide practical guidance for catalyst design and support the development of more resource-efficient reforming processes.
Co-Authors Agus Aktawan, Agus Azim Razat, Muhammad Shahim Hanafi, Nor Shuhada Solehah Ideris, Asmida Joko Pitoyo Martomo Setyawan Nordin, Mohamad Irfan Rahayu, Aster Setiabudi, Herma Dina Siti Jamilatun Utaminingsih Linarti, Utaminingsih