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SCALAR INTERACTIONS IN THE MODIFIED LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY MODEL Istikomah, Istikomah; Isnawati, Nurul Embun; Sumarti, Heni; Anggita, Sheilla Rully
Jurnal Neutrino:Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya Vol 16, No 1 (2023): October
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/neu.v16i1.20518

Abstract

The Standard Model is a model of particle physics in which one Higgs particle has been confirmed with a mass of 126 GeV. In 2016 some discoveries made it possible to have other scalar particles similar to the Higgs. The modified left-right symmetric model extends the standard model with an expanded scalar sector. There are ϕ_L and Δ_L left sector scalar particles, ϕ_L and Δ_L right sector scalar particles and two singlet η and ξ scalar particles. Therefore, this research objective is to analyze of the possibility of a Higgs interaction with other scalar particles. The method of this research is using a Feynman diagram to describe the interaction terms at the Higgs Potential. The interaction probability is sought using the Feynman rule for Toy Theory. The decay rate uses the Golden Rule. When the universe's temperature reaches the mass of η, the scalar becomes non-relativistic and decays into ϕ_L and ϕ_R. The scalar ξ is scattered into ϕ_L through the η scalar propagator and into ϕ_R. The scalars Δ_L and Δ_R do not decay, they only scatter into ϕ_L and ϕ_R. The η and ξ scalars have transformed into ϕ_L in the left sector and ϕ_R in the right sector, and only ϕ_L in the sectors are likely to be detected as the Higgs Standard Model.
Scalar fields as dark matter candidates in the modified left-right symmetry model Istikomah, Istikomah; Isnawati, Nurul Embun
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

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Abstract

Dark matter is about 25% of the universe, but its existence is still a mystery. The Modified Left-Right Symmetry Model with the extension of the scalar field, is expected to explain dark matter candidate. The dark matter candidates were analyzed using the Higgs Potential and Lagrangian Yukawa to obtain information on decay and scattering interactions. The generation of dark matter can be determined by analyzing the temperature evolution of the universe, which is divided into three stages post-inflation reheating, symmetry breaking first step, and symmetry breaking second step. The analysis results show that the right-sector scalar field  can be Cold Dark Matter (CDM) candidate because it has non-relativistic characteristics, is stable, does not interact with fermions, and has an abundance of 0.004. The right-sector atom can also be a CDM candidate because it has non-relativistic characteristics, is neutral, and consists of the right nucleons and right electrons. The singlet scalar field  can be the Warm Dark Matter (WDM) candidate because it can decay into fermion, interact in the left and right sectors, is neutrally charged and does not interact with other particles electromagnetically and has an abundance of 0.003. Thus, based on the modified left-right symmetry model, the particle that can be a candidate for dark matter is the scalar field.