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Hafezi, Najmeh
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Kantian Notions of Feminine Beauty and Masculine Sublimity in Hawthorne’s ‘The Birthmark’ Hafezi, Najmeh; Ahmadian, Moussa; Amjad, Fazel Asadi
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Hawthorne’s ‘The Birthmark’ is one of his short stories whose theme falls among the domain of experimenting humannature in the fields of art, religion, and science. Regardless of the birthmark itself which represents the Original Sin, a conflictbetween masculine attitude and feminine perspective toward perfection and beauty is artfully manifested in this story. The paperstudy employs the notions of the beautiful and the sublime according to Immanuel Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of theBeautiful and Sublime in which he puts forward the idea that different sexes possess different perceptions of events andenvironment. From his viewpoint, women are mostly capable to feel the beautiful and sympathy, while men, with their tendencyto perfection, possess and convey the feeling of the sublime. Several events, disputes and descriptions in ‘The Birthmark’,clearly exemplify women’s zeal for beauty and men’s seeking the perfection. Hawthorne proves that oversensitivity to perfectionand sublimity can be a destructive force for the beautiful. One should not defy nature to reconcile his or her internal desires.Within the quest to win perfection by means of limited power of science, the only winner is true love.
Minister Hooper’s Melancholic Virtue Hafezi, Najmeh; Amjad, Fazel Asadi; Ahmadian, Moussa
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Hawthorne’s ‘The Minister’s Black Veil’ is one of his short stories whose protagonist has sunk in a gloomy depression.Since most of the male characters in such stories follow a procedure for a type of self awareness (this may happen out of theplot, as in Mr. Hooper whose insight has occurred before the story begins), the result of their journey within themselves isdarkness and depression. The present study sought the footprint of true virtue in drawing the character into such deep thoughtsthat resulted in his everlasting coverage of his face by a black veil. One of the best approaches which proved the truth of theminister’s virtue was the definition that Immanuel Kant presented through his Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful andSublime. Kant made use of the theory of the four temperaments which influence human mental and behavioral traits. In hisattitude, a melancholy is, among the other personality, the most virtuous and capable for the feeling of the sublime. Inaccordance with the characteristics represented by Kant for each temperament, reverend Mr. Hooper is regarded as amelancholy. With his deep thoughts, most realistic insight, and black moods, the minister of the story exhibits a truly virtuouspersonality.
Co-Authors Ahmadian, Moussa Amjad, Fazel Asadi