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All Journal Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi) Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Sahdan, Mohd Zainizan
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Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Social Sciences

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Precursor-concentration-controlled Morphology of TiO2 Nanorod/Nanoflower Films for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Investigating Their Growth Mechanism Anaam, Sawsan Abdullah Abduljabbar; Sahdan, Mohd Zainizan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 1 Year 2024 (April 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20061

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been considered as one of the most promising photocatalysts for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Therefore, numerous efforts have been devoted to improving its PEC water splitting performance. In this study, TiO2 nanorod/nanoflower (NRF) films with controlled morphology were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates by following a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The TiO2 NRF films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. FE-SEM showed that the TiO2 films are composed of a simultaneous growth of a primary layer of TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) and a second layer of TiO2 nanoflowers (NFs). The proposed growth mechanism highlighted the influence of precursor concentration on nucleation sites, affecting the preferred crystallographic plane growth of rutile TiO2 and nanorod alignment on the FTO substrate. Intriguingly, TiO2 NRF films prepared with 1.0 mL of titanium butoxide exhibited a maximum photocurrent density of 3.58 mA.cm−2 at 1.23 V versus (vs.) the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), along with a maximum photoconversion efficiency of 0.69%. The enhanced photocurrent density and photoconversion efficiency were attributed to the optimum thickness in the range of 4.52-7.31 µm, which caused the film to be formed with a unique morphology of the primary layer with well-vertically aligned nanorods and the second layer of flowers consisting of numerous rods stacked on top of one another. This study demonstrates the importance of designing semiconductors with 1D nanorod/3D nanoflower structures as high-performance photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Construction of Religious Habitus In Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools Taufiq, Amal; Sahdan, Mohd Zainizan; Setianingsih, Dwi
Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi) Vol 10, No 2 (2024): Jurnal SMaRT : Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18784/smart.v10i2.2458

Abstract

Islamic boarding schools are Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia that are unique among other educational institutions and have a strong religious habitus. This research aims to find out what the religious habitus of Islamic boarding schools looks like and what the construction process of religious habitus is in the Al-Islam Islamic boarding school in Ponorogo, East Java. Qualitative methods were used in this research, including observation, interview, and documentation techniques, as tools for collecting data. This research shows that the habitus characteristics of the Al-Islam Islamic boarding school include three aspects. Firstly, hysteresis lasts long and is not easily changed; it is difficult to change once formed. Secondly, transposability can be inherited and can be learned. Thirdly, it is a generator that encourages the growth of new social practices. The construction of the habitus of the Al-Islam Islamic boarding school at the beginning of its establishment went through a long dialectical process by the founders of the Islamic boarding school. Then, it was instilled in the students in various ways, including in the curriculum, role models from Kyai (the head of Islamic boarding schools), and instilling the Islamic boarding school’s philosophy of the five souls. The results of this research can contribute to strengthening religious habitus in Islamic boarding schools as religious education institutions regarding the importance of role models and a conducive environment in forming the religious habitus of students.
Co-Authors Amal Taufiq Anaam, Sawsan Abdullah Abduljabbar Setianingsih, Dwi