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All Journal Yustisia International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC) Jurnal Sosial dan Sains
Torry Satriyo Kusumo, Ayub
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Astronomy Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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Isu Akuntabilitas Pada Pemakaian Autonomous Weapon Systems Ditinjau Dari Hukum Humaniter Internasional Anindita, Prita; Torry Satriyo Kusumo, Ayub; Setiyawan, Anang
Jurnal sosial dan sains Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Sosial dan Sains
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/jurnalsosains.v5i3.32088

Abstract

Eksistensi Hukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI) ialah untuk meminimalisir dampak kerugian akibat konflik bersenjata dengan mengatur segala hal yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata (militer) dan penggunaan kekerasan dalam perang, salah satunya yaitu tentang sarana berperang, yakni persenjataan. Menurut Martin van Creveld, era pembabakan senjata pada saat ini adalah age of autonomation, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa keberadaan Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) merupakan bagian dari era ini sekaligus bukti bahwa teknologi sudah berkembang cukup pesat, khususnya dalam bidang militer. AWS dalah sistem senjata yang beroperasi dengan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan dapat mengambil keputusan secara independen tanpa intervensi manusia secara langsung. Keberadaaannya menimbulkan banyak perdebatan, terutama terkait dengan kepatuhan senjata ini terhadap HHI, di samping pertanyaan berulang mengenai mekanisme akuntabilitas apabila sewaktu-waktu senjata ini terbukti menyebabkan pelanggaran. Dalam konteks AWS, pertanggungjawaban dapat dibebankan kepada tiga pihak melalui doktrin masing-masing, yaitu negara (state responsibility), operator (individual responsibility), dan komandan (command responsibility). Meskipun demikian, diperlukan pembuktian yang cukup teliti terutama terhadap kasus pertanggungjawaban individu, karena sangat berkaitan dengan unsur niat dan pengetahuan
The Validity of The Absence of An Indonesian Translation in International Business Contracts Septi Songgo Langit, Shyntaulloh; Sulistiyono, Adi; Torry Satriyo Kusumo, Ayub
International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): December 2025 ( Indonesia - Malaysia )
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijersc.v6i6.1015

Abstract

An agreement is a legal act between two or more parties who bind themselves to one another. Indonesian law requires agreements to be drafted in the Indonesian language, as stipulated in Law Number 24 of 2009 and Law Number 2 of 2014. However, Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 3 of 2023 states that the absence of the Indonesian language in an agreement shall not automatically render the agreement null and void, creating a potential conflict with the contractual validity requirement of a lawful cause. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of agreements drafted without an Indonesian-language version in light of SEMA Number 3 of 2023. The research serves for the preparation of a Master of Notarial Law thesis at Sebelas Maret University, providing deeper insight and understanding of the legal issues involved. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study concludes that the absence of the Indonesian language in agreements may result in nullity by operation of law, violates Article 31 of Law Number 24 of 2009 and Article 43 of Law Number 2 of 2014, which explicitly mandate the use of Indonesian. Such violations affect the objective validity requirement of a lawful cause. This normative inconsistency has broader implications for Indonesia’s economic stability, as legal certainty supports economic growth. The obligation to use the Indonesian language is reinforced by Article 7 of Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the hierarchy of laws, applying the principle of lex superior derogat legi inferiori.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PENGUNGSI INTERNASIONAL Torry Satriyo Kusumo, Ayub
Yustisia Vol 1, No 2: August 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v1i2.10642

Abstract

AbstractRefugees are a group of people who were forced to leave the country because of very threatening fear. Fear is often due to natural disasters or conflict. In countries receiving refugees, they often experience inhumane treatment such as rape, assault, discrimination, repatriated by force, those lead to the violation of human rights. There has been regulation for human rights in refugee issues both internationally and regionally, for instance Convention related to Status of Refugee 1951 and The Protocol related to the Status of Refugee 1967. There are at least five basic rights of refugees, they are the right to be protected from returning to the country of origin forcibly (non refoulement), the right to seek asylum, the right to obtain equality and non-discrimination, the right to live and to be secured, as well as the right to return home.  AbstrakPengungsi adalah kelompok orang yang dipaksa untuk meninggalkan suatu negara karena takut yang sangat mengancam, dapat disebabkan oleh bencana alam atau konflik. Di negara-negara penerima, pengungsi sering mengalami perlakuan tidak manusiawi seperti perkosaan, penganiayaan, diskriminasi, dipulangkan secara paksa yang mengarah pada pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Ada pihak-pihak yang telah menetapkan hak asasi manusia dalam masalah pengungsi baik internasional maupun regional, seperti Konvensi Status Pengungsi dari tahun 1951 dan Protokol yang berkaitan dengan Status Pengungsi 1967. Setidaknya ada lima hak dasar pengungsi, yaitu hak atas perlindungan dari kembali ke negara asal secara paksa (refoulement non), hak untuk mencari suaka, hak untuk mendapatkan kesetaraan dan non-diskriminasi, hak untuk hidup dan keamanan, serta hak untuk pulang. 
YURISDIKSI INTERNASIONAL PENANGGULANGAN PEROMPAKAN dI LAUT LEPAS dwi Utami, Asri -; Muslimah, Siti; Torry Satriyo Kusumo, Ayub
Yustisia Vol 3, No 1: April 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v3i1.10130

Abstract

AbstractThis research aims to determine the jurisdiction concerning piracy on the high seas by international law. This research is a legal research with prescriptive characteristic use a statute approach and conceptual approach. The legal sources used are primary and secondary materials later are analyzed by a deductive method and legal interpretation. The results show that there has been international law rules which can be used as the basis for all states to apply their jurisdiction to the piracy. These rules are the convention on the high Seas 1958 (chS 1958), United Nations convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNcLOS 1982), and the convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation 1988 (SUA 1988). Instead of these international rules, some codes and guidances concerning combating piracy are also concluded by international organizations.Keywords : International Jurisdiction, Piracy, Law of The SeaAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan yurisdiksi terhadap perompakan di laut lepas menurut hukum internasional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang bersifat preskriptif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara deduktif dan menggunakan interpretasi hukum. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa terdapat aturan-aturan hukum internasional yang dapat digunakan sebagai yurisdiksi untuk penegakan perompakan yaitu convention on the high seas 1958 (CHS 1958), United Nations convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982), convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation 1988 (SUA 1988), dan beberapa pedoman dan aturan yang dikeluarkan oleh organisasi internasional untuk penegakan perompakan.Katakunci : yurisdiksi Internasional, Perompakan, Hukum Laut Internasional
Co-Authors Adi Sulistiyono Anang Setiyawan Anindita, Prita dwi Utami, Asri - Septi Songgo Langit, Shyntaulloh Siti Muslimah