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All Journal International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC) Jurnal Sosial dan Sains
Torry Satriyo Kusumo, Ayub
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Astronomy Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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Isu Akuntabilitas Pada Pemakaian Autonomous Weapon Systems Ditinjau Dari Hukum Humaniter Internasional Anindita, Prita; Torry Satriyo Kusumo, Ayub; Setiyawan, Anang
Jurnal sosial dan sains Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Sosial dan Sains
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/jurnalsosains.v5i3.32088

Abstract

Eksistensi Hukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI) ialah untuk meminimalisir dampak kerugian akibat konflik bersenjata dengan mengatur segala hal yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata (militer) dan penggunaan kekerasan dalam perang, salah satunya yaitu tentang sarana berperang, yakni persenjataan. Menurut Martin van Creveld, era pembabakan senjata pada saat ini adalah age of autonomation, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa keberadaan Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) merupakan bagian dari era ini sekaligus bukti bahwa teknologi sudah berkembang cukup pesat, khususnya dalam bidang militer. AWS dalah sistem senjata yang beroperasi dengan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan dapat mengambil keputusan secara independen tanpa intervensi manusia secara langsung. Keberadaaannya menimbulkan banyak perdebatan, terutama terkait dengan kepatuhan senjata ini terhadap HHI, di samping pertanyaan berulang mengenai mekanisme akuntabilitas apabila sewaktu-waktu senjata ini terbukti menyebabkan pelanggaran. Dalam konteks AWS, pertanggungjawaban dapat dibebankan kepada tiga pihak melalui doktrin masing-masing, yaitu negara (state responsibility), operator (individual responsibility), dan komandan (command responsibility). Meskipun demikian, diperlukan pembuktian yang cukup teliti terutama terhadap kasus pertanggungjawaban individu, karena sangat berkaitan dengan unsur niat dan pengetahuan
The Validity of The Absence of An Indonesian Translation in International Business Contracts Septi Songgo Langit, Shyntaulloh; Sulistiyono, Adi; Torry Satriyo Kusumo, Ayub
International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijersc.v6i6.1015

Abstract

An agreement is a legal act between two or more parties who bind themselves to one another. Indonesian law requires agreements to be drafted in the Indonesian language, as stipulated in Law Number 24 of 2009 and Law Number 2 of 2014. However, Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 3 of 2023 states that the absence of the Indonesian language in an agreement shall not automatically render the agreement null and void, creating a potential conflict with the contractual validity requirement of a lawful cause. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of agreements drafted without an Indonesian-language version in light of SEMA Number 3 of 2023. The research serves for the preparation of a Master of Notarial Law thesis at Sebelas Maret University, providing deeper insight and understanding of the legal issues involved. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study concludes that the absence of the Indonesian language in agreements may result in nullity by operation of law, violates Article 31 of Law Number 24 of 2009 and Article 43 of Law Number 2 of 2014, which explicitly mandate the use of Indonesian. Such violations affect the objective validity requirement of a lawful cause. This normative inconsistency has broader implications for Indonesia’s economic stability, as legal certainty supports economic growth. The obligation to use the Indonesian language is reinforced by Article 7 of Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the hierarchy of laws, applying the principle of lex superior derogat legi inferiori.
Co-Authors Adi Sulistiyono Anang Setiyawan Anindita, Prita Septi Songgo Langit, Shyntaulloh