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All Journal AL WASATH Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan AML/CFT Journal The Journal of Anti Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism
Makmur, Kartini Laras
Unknown Affiliation
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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CAN RELIGION PREVENTS CORRUPTION? THE INDONESIAN EXPERIENCE Makmur, Kartini Laras
AL WASATH Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 1 No 1 (2020): AL WASATH Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Hukum Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47776/alwasath.v1i1.24

Abstract

Researches on Anti-Corruption have found that politics, economics, and culture have a relation to corrupt practices. However, what about the influence of religion on corruption? Recently, there is an increasing interest in understanding the relationship between religion and corruption; could religion prevent corruption? This paper discusses the effect of religiosity on bureaucratic corruption in Indonesia. The results show that corrupt practices are negatively associated with religious heritage, signifying that religious culture takes a positive role in delimiting corrupt practices of government officials since religion has an influence on the normative anti-corruption paradigm. This paper also finds the negative relationship between religion and corruption is weaker for people who had experience requested by an official to paid illicit payment, which identifies the substitution chance of religious ethic and law enforcement in curbing corruption. Given the very few studies and limited data resources in the context of Indonesia, this paper is only a tentative study to contributes to the discussion of religion and corruption relations.
AML Berbasis AI: Kepatuhan Cerdas atau Ancaman HAM Tersembunyi? Makmur, Kartini Laras
AML/CFT Journal : The Journal Of Anti Money Laundering And Countering The Financing Of Terrorism Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Membongkar Lapisan Baru Kejahatan Keuangan: Integrasi Kajian Hukum, Sosial, dan T
Publisher : Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59593/amlcft.2025.v3i2.251

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used by banks to detect and prevent money laundering; however, the adoption of AI-based anti-money laundering (AML) frameworks raises significant concerns regarding human rights protection. This paper examines the ways in which AI enhances AML efforts in the banking sector, the ethical and human rights challenges that arise from its implementation, and the extent to which these strategies comply with the proportionality test under Indonesian human rights law. Using a structured document analysis of relevant regulations and secondary literature, this study finds that AI applications must respect privacy and be proportionate in addressing money laundering offences, as affirmed by the Indonesian constitution and regulatory framework. The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive legal frameworks to guide the development and use of AI in AML, ensuring fairness, accountability, and transparency while safeguarding human rights.
Between Divinity and Liberty: Rethinking Religious Freedom under Indonesia’s Constitution Giri Wardana, Muhammad Ramadhan; Husnan, Abdul Ghoffar; Said, Muhtar; Makmur, Kartini Laras
Pancasila: Jurnal Keindonesiaan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2, OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : Badan Pembinaan Ideologi Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52738/pjk.v5i2.750

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of religious freedom in Indonesia through the lens of constitutionalism, focusing on the interpretive ambiguity between the foundational state principle of Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (Belief in the One and Only God) and the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom set out in Article 29(2) of the 1945 Constitution. This tension becomes particularly apparent when Article 28E, which affirms individual religious freedom, is curtailed by Article 28J, which allows the state to impose limitations on the public interest. Using a juridical-normative approach, this research investigates how Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa is embedded within Indonesia’s legal framework and how varying constitutional interpretations influence the realisation of religious freedom. The findings reveal that, although the 1945 Constitution formally guarantees religious freedom, its implementation is often obstructed by administrative requirements, such as the mandatory declaration of religion in official identification documents, that fall short of international human rights standards. The study argues that this inconsistency stems from restrictive legal interpretations and the lack of coherent implementation. It calls for a more inclusive and balanced interpretative framework that upholds both constitutional principles and international human rights norms. The study’s key academic contribution lies in elucidating the complex relationship between Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa and religious freedom, offering critical insights into the broader application of human rights within Indonesia’s constitutional order.
Co-Authors Giri Wardana, Muhammad Ramadhan Husnan, Abdul Ghoffar Muhtar Said, Muhtar