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Thermal Design Optimization of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger Liquid to Liquid to Minimize Cost using Combination Bell-Delaware Method and Genetic Algorithm Setiawan, Reza; Hrdlička, František; Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo; Fahriani, Vera Pangni; Pertiwi, Suciani Rahma
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 4, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v4i12020p014

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger is designed to satisfy certain requirements such as heat transfer capability, allowable pressure drop and limitation of size. Beside such requirements, it is important to consider economical point of view to get the lowest total cost. In this study, computational program and optimization for thermal design shell-and-tube heat exchanger were built for liquid to liquid with no phase change process in four variables design parameters using Bell-Delaware method. The design variables were tube size, tube length, baffle cut to shell inside diameter ratio and central baffle spacing to shell inside diameter ratio. The genetic algorithm was used as optimization method to get lower solution for economical point of view. The results from two study cases show that the genetic algorithm got lower total cost from the original design. The total cost decreased 28.83% in first study case and 52.56% in second study case from the original design.

DESAIN AWAL RUANG BAKAR PREMIXED UNTUK TURBIN GAS ULTRA MIKRO (TGUM) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TEMPERATUR ADIABATIK Al Gifari, Muhamad Maris; Hartono, Firman; Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo; Reksowardojo, Iman Kartolaksono
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 15 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i3.1613

The need to develop ultra-micro gas turbine (TGUM) applications is getting higher, especially as a portable energy source. Many applications whose energy requirements cannot be met by current batteries but can be handled by TGUM. The energy density of kerosene is 45 times greater than that of current batteries. The development of ultra-micro gas turbines has been carried out for more than 20 years. The challenge faced in the TGUM development process was manufacturing technology, but manufacturing developments continue to advance over time, meaning that one day high-speed bearing technology may be achieved. The development of an ultra-micro gas turbine can be started from the design of the combustion chamber. The basic concept of determining the initial size of the diameter as the initial reference length is widely available and established, but this reference is only for combustion chambers with non-premixed combustion. No one has discussed the determination of the size of the premixed combustion chamber. The basis for the initial determination of the combustion chamber in this article is the determination of the adiabatic temperature, and the energy balance equation which is simplified to become Black's Principle. This method describes the relationship between the diameter of the combustion chamber, airflow dilution portion and the flame propagation speed that must be met. This method also determines the value of the equivalence ratio, and also length of combustion chamber based on SHR (Space Heating Rate) that must be taken. The results of this method when entering the condition of the combustion chamber inlet 379 K, 2.05 bar, and outlet 879 K, 1.79 bar produce a reference decision of 5 cm diameter, flame speed of 6 m/s, equivalent ratio of 0.8 and 74% cooling portion for a gas turbine mass flow rate of 85.7 g/s.

Estimating the dimensions of integrated calciner and carbonator for calcium looping process in a 7500 TPD capacity of cement plant Aulia, Tia; Prahmana, Rico Aditia; Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo; Juangsa, Firman Bagja; Ghita Ghaida Permatasari, Raden Dewi; Walad, Khoeril
Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Vol 15, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/j.mev.2024.1003

The calciner in cement factories plays a crucial role, particularly in the decomposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as primary raw materials into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Hence, an integrated system has been proposed, combining conventional cement plants with calcium looping (CaL) cycles to reduce CO2 emissions. CaL facilitates the capture of CO2 by CaO, forming CaCO3 as raw material for cement production. Given that CaL effectively reduces CO2 emissions, the integration process with conventional cement plants requires careful consideration, particularly regarding raw materials, calciners, and carbonators. Integration parameters for CaL in raw materials include average diameter and logarithmic temperature difference. At the same time, calciners and carbonators encompass heat transfer coefficient (U), calciner dimensions, carbonation factor, and mass balance post-integration with CaL. These parameters will be calculated to facilitate the integration of the CaL cycle with conventional cement plants. In this study, based on raw materials with an average diameter of 3.28 µm and the mean heat transfer coefficient between hot gas and raw materials of 4 W/m2 K, the calculated dimensions for the calciner are 9.6 m in diameter and 25 m in height. Since the plant studied has two preheater strings, two carbonator units are also required. The size of each carbonator is 4.75 m in diameter with a length of about 40 m, so it has a total volume approximately equal to the volume of the calciner to provide a longer residence time for particles.

DESAIN AWAL RUANG BAKAR PREMIXED UNTUK TURBIN GAS ULTRA MIKRO (TGUM) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TEMPERATUR ADIABATIK Al Gifari, Muhamad Maris; Hartono, Firman; Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo; Reksowardojo, Iman Kartolaksono
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 15 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i3.1613

The need to develop ultra-micro gas turbine (TGUM) applications is getting higher, especially as a portable energy source. Many applications whose energy requirements cannot be met by current batteries but can be handled by TGUM. The energy density of kerosene is 45 times greater than that of current batteries. The development of ultra-micro gas turbines has been carried out for more than 20 years. The challenge faced in the TGUM development process was manufacturing technology, but manufacturing developments continue to advance over time, meaning that one day high-speed bearing technology may be achieved. The development of an ultra-micro gas turbine can be started from the design of the combustion chamber. The basic concept of determining the initial size of the diameter as the initial reference length is widely available and established, but this reference is only for combustion chambers with non-premixed combustion. No one has discussed the determination of the size of the premixed combustion chamber. The basis for the initial determination of the combustion chamber in this article is the determination of the adiabatic temperature, and the energy balance equation which is simplified to become Black's Principle. This method describes the relationship between the diameter of the combustion chamber, airflow dilution portion and the flame propagation speed that must be met. This method also determines the value of the equivalence ratio, and also length of combustion chamber based on SHR (Space Heating Rate) that must be taken. The results of this method when entering the condition of the combustion chamber inlet 379 K, 2.05 bar, and outlet 879 K, 1.79 bar produce a reference decision of 5 cm diameter, flame speed of 6 m/s, equivalent ratio of 0.8 and 74% cooling portion for a gas turbine mass flow rate of 85.7 g/s.

Multi-Objective Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger Optimization Using a Genetic Algorithm Suyatna, Nadiyah Rizki; Juangsa, Firman Bagja; Darmanto, Prihadi Setyo
Mesin Vol 29 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/MESIN.2023.29.2.4

Heat exchangers are a significant component in many industries, particularly in energy conversion systems. The design of heat exchangers itself is a complex process because it involves experience-based decisions, numerous variables and parameters, and some of them are competing with each other. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are one of the first evolutionary algorithms which remains one of the most extensively used non-linear optimization methods today. This study explores the implementation of Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) for thermal design and optimization of a finned-tube heat exchanger. The chosen objective functions were minimizing the heat exchanger volume and minimizing the air side pressure drop. The decision variables for the design were tube outer diameter, number of tube rows, fin pitch, unit height, and unit width. The calculated parameters and estimated cost of both preliminary design and optimized design were also compared. The optimized design offered a bigger alternative design while meeting all the constraints according to standards and industrial needs. The optimization reduced annualized operational and maintenance costs by 228% and lowered air pressure drop by 413% with bigger heat exchanger volume of 12% compared to the preliminary design.

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