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All Journal Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana Smart Medical Journal
Indrarto, Wikan
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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MATERNAL AGE INCREASES THE RISK OF DOWN SYNDROME: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA Zevanya, Evita; Indrarto, Wikan; Lestari, Dewi; Widagdo, The Maria Meiwati
Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): BERKALA ILMIAH KEDOKTERAN DUTA WACANA
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21460/bikdw.v9i1.636

Abstract

Background: Down syndrome incidence increases year to year and ranks first in birth defect cases in Indonesia. Down syndrome birth may burden family physically, socially, economically, and emotionally. The most common risk factor associated to Down syndrome is maternal age. Objective: This research is conducted to understand the association between maternal age and parity as the risk factors of Down syndrome births. Methods: Analytical observation design with case-control approach is used in this study. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were calculated using Chi-Square and binary logistic regression test. Results: This research’s results showed significant association between maternal age as risk factor with the incidence of Down syndrome (p-value < 0.001) and no significant association between parity with the incidence of Down syndrome (p-value > 0.05) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mothers aged ? 35 years have 18.82 greater risk to give birth Down syndrome baby compared to mothers aged < 35 years (OR=18.82). The mean of maternal age when birth Down Syndrome children was 35.1 years old. Biological ovarium aging hypothesis presumed cause higher probability of chromosomal segregation failure during oocyte meiosis. Advanced maternal age naturally causes biological ovarium aging. Biological ovarium aging may caused or influenced by hormonal imbalance, limited oocyte pool, oxidative stress, change of spontaneous abortus mechanism, and genetic abnormality or mutation. No significant association between parity with the incidence of Down Syndrome (p-value=0.0689). Conclusion: Mothers with age of 35 year or older are the only the risk factor for having child with Syndrome Down in this research, with 18.82 more greater risk than mothers under 35 years old. The mean of maternal age when birth Down Syndrome children was 35.1 years old.
Exploring the Causes of Fear in Children Aged 10-12 Years During Medical Examinations: A Phenomenological Study Nagara, Clements Nicodhemus Garuda; Indrarto, Wikan; Hapsari, Saverina Nungky Dian
Smart Medical Journal Vol 7, No 3 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/smj.v7i3.97843

Abstract

Introduction: For most children, the figure of a doctor is considered frightening because of their imagination, previous bad experiences and children’s fear usually related to pain that caused by medical procedures. This condition causes difficulties for doctor in understanding patient’s complaints. Therefore, this study was conducted as an effort to find out the causes of children’s fear when they got examined by a doctor, in order to assist doctor in managing children’s health problems, complaints and needs.Methods: This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Retrieval of research data using in-depth interview techniques which were analyzed by thematic analysis. This research involved 4-6 grader of Tarakanita Elementary School in Magelang with the assistance of subject’s parents and pyschologistResults: In-depth interviews were conducted on 12 research subjects, consist of four (33%) fourth graders, five (42%) fifth graders, and three (25%) six graders. There are three themes, such as the causes of children’s fear, the emotional expression of children’s fear, and the external support of children when they are afraid of being examined. Bad experiences due to medical procedures are the most common cause of children’s fear (91,7%). Meanwhile, the most common trigger for children’s fear is pain (50%), which is influenced by imagination (91,7%)Conclusion: Bad experiences from medical procedures are the most dominant cause of fear in children. Meanwhile, the most common trigger of fear is pain, which is often influenced by the child’s imagination. These findings highlight the need for child-friendly medical practices, including improved communication strategies, familiarize children with the procedure prior to its execution and examination room designs that reduce fear in childrenKeywords: children’s fear; doctor; imagination; bad experiences; medical procedures
Co-Authors Dewi Lestari Hapsari, Saverina Nungky Dian Nagara, Clements Nicodhemus Garuda The Maria Meiwati Widagdo Zevanya, Evita