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Kesesuaian Lahan Untuk Tanaman Kopi di Area Sekitar Danau Toba Riyanto, Indra Agus; Hendrayana, Heru; Sambodo, Ahmad Priyo; Widyaningsih, Yuli; Jayanto, Galih Dwi
Majalah Geografi Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2024): Majalah Geografi Indonesia
Publisher : Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mgi.94042

Abstract

Abstrak Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) merupakan material pembentuk tanah andosol yang dominan di Kaldera Toba. YTT memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan tanah andosol hasil dari material gunungapi aktif. YTT tersusun atas material ignimbrite tebal yang kaya akan batuapung. Material YTT tersebut tergolong subur untuk berbagai jenis tanaman yang ada pada Kaldera Toba bagian dalam. Kajian kesesuaian lahan untuk peruntukan tanaman tertentu belum pernah dilakukan di Kaldera Toba bagian dalam. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkajian kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman kopi. Metode yang digunakan adalah weight matching dengan konsep faktor terberat menjadi penentu klasifikasi utama kelas kesesuaian lahan. Unit analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sistem lahan. Karakteristik klimatologi DTA Danau Toba sesuai untuk tanaman kopi dengan curah hujan 2.000-2.500 mm/tahun, bulan kering < 2 bulan, suhu 18,4-19,4°C, dan kelembaban 84-91%. karakteristik fisik tanah DTA Danau Toba Toba dominan termasuk sesuai (S2) dengan bahan organik (BO) 1-2%, tekstur geluh pasiran, dan permeabilitas agak cepat. Kelas S2 terdapat pada sistem lahan MBI, SAR, BTA, dan BTG, dan TWI. Kelas tidak sesuai (N) terdapat pada sistem lahan ASA dan BTG dengan kedalaman tanah tipis (<25cm) dan tekstur lempung liat. Kelas kesesuaian lahan sesuai marginal (S3) terdapat pada sistem lahan BBG, BPD, BPP, SLK, dan TBG. Kelas kesesuaian lahan sangat sesuai (S1) terdapat pada sistem lahan UBD dan SLK dengan dengan berat volum (0,8-1,1 gram/cm3), kedalaman tanah (75-100) cm, BO (>3%), permeabilitas cepat, dan tekstur geluh pasiran. Formasi YTT termasuk dalam kelas kesesuaian lahan S1 dan S2 untuk tanaman kopi, sedangkan material endapan danau, dan lava termasuk kelas S3 dan N untuk tanaman kopi.  Abstract Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) is the dominant andosol soil-forming material in the Toba Caldera. YTT has different characteristics from the andosole soil resulting from active volcanic material. YTT is composed of thick ignimbrite material that is rich in pumice. YTT material belongs fertile to various kinds of plants that exist on the Toba Caldera inside. Soil suitability studies to have never been carried out in the inner Toba caldera. Therefore, this study aims to examine the suitability of the soil for coffee crops. The method used is weight matching with the concept of the heaviest factor being the primary determinant of the classification of the land suitability class. The unit of analysis used in this study is the land system. Climate Characteristics Toba Caldera is suitable for coffee plants with rainfall of 2,000-2.500 mm/year, dry months < 2 months, temperature 18,4-19,4°C, and humidity 84-91%. Dominant Toba Caldera soil physical characteristics include matching (S2) with organic material (BO) 1-2%, sandy loam texture, and relatively fast permeability. Class S2 is available on MBI, SAR, BTA, and BTG, and TWI land systems. The class non-conform (N) is found on ASA, BTG land systems with thin soil depths (<25cm) and clay texture. Marginal soil compatibility classes (S3) are found on BBG, BPD, BPP, SLK, and TBG soil systems. Very suitable soil (S1) is present on UBD and SLK soil system with volume weights (0.8-1,1 grams/cm3), soil deep (75-100) cm, BO (>3%), fast permeability, and sandy loam textures. YTT material belongs to the soil suitability classes S1 and S2 for coffee plants, while lake sediment and lava are classified in the classes S3 and N for coffee plantations. 
The decline in water level and discharge of Lake Toba of North Sumatera, Indonesia, affected by land degradation Riyanto, Indra Agus; Hendrayana, Heru; Yuli Widyaningsih; Jayanto, Galih Dwi; Azmin Nuha; Sabdo Sumartono
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.122.7123

Abstract

Lake Toba is one of the prioritized conservation lakes in Indonesia, crucial for domestic needs, tourism, fisheries, agriculture, and power generation. However, Lake Toba’s water levels and discharge have declined in recent decades. This study aimed to enhance water recharge and the water level of Lake Toba through hydrological modeling using the SWAT analysis and regional and specific conservation measures. The SWAT analysis utilized input data, including climate, soil, geomorphology, land use, and hydrology, to generate both existing and post-conservation water balance models. Conservation methods were categorized into civil engineering and vegetative approaches. Vegetative conservation techniques included agroforestry and MPTS (Multi-Purpose Tree Species), while civil engineering methods encompassed terracing, trenching, and infiltration wells. Regional conservation focused on land use plant types, while specific conservation involved detailed classification of the Lake Toba watershed by slope class, plant type, and land use. The analysis revealed significant land use changes in the Lake Toba catchment area, with dry fields increasing from 72,961 ha to 125,000 ha, a decrease in water level from 905 to 903 m above sea level, and a reduction in discharge from 180 m³/s to 125 m³/s. SWAT analysis shows that the existing inflow to Lake Toba is 131 m³/s (with 78% accuracy), with potential increases to 250 m³/s due to regional conservation and 180 m³/s due to specific conservation. Conservation efforts have also improved discharge rates across 39 sub-watersheds of Lake Toba, both monthly and annually.