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All Journal Signifikan : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia
Gunawan, Beni Teguh
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Do Natural Resources Affect Unemployment? Evidence from Indonesian Province Panel Data Gunawan, Beni Teguh
Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Vol 12, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v12i2.31824

Abstract

Since the stipulation of regional autonomy in the early 2000s, local governments have managed their revenues and expenditures independently, in direct or revenue-sharing funds from the Central Government, including income from natural resource exploitation. This study aims to identify the region with high natural resources, especially from the mining and quarrying sectors, expected to improve its human resources quality, focusing on the employment sector. In addition, this study identifies the impact of natural resources on reducing unemployment in 34 provinces in 2015-2021. A previous study implemented natural resources rent to proxy natural resources in a region. However, identification of this proxy has been challenging due to the considerable informality in Indonesia. This study employs mining and quarrying sectors to proxy natural resources as a comprehensive output of a region. The data used in this study was secondary data sourced from the National Statistics Board (BPS). The analysis method of this study was fixed effect with the Human Development Index (HDI) and the unemployment rate as the dependent variable. The results of this study revealed that regional natural resources did not impact HDI or reduce the unemployment rate in a province, indicating that the mining and quarrying sectors did not contribute to improving the quality of human resources and reducing unemployment significantly.JEL Classification: C01, O13, O15, O17How to Cite:Gunawan, B. T (2023). Do Natural Resources Affect Unemployment? Evidence From Indonesian Province Panel Data. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.31824
Effectiveness of pre-employment card policy on employment transition during covid-19: evidence from Indonesian dual labor market Gunawan, Beni Teguh; Apriyanto, El Bram; Hennigusnia, Hennigusnia; Suryono, Ivan Lilin; Kurniawati, Ardhian
JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) Vol 10, No 4 (2024): JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia)
Publisher : Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Theraphy (IICET)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29210/020244775

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted employment markets globally and nationally, posing unique challenges to Indonesia’s labor force. In response, the Indonesian government launched the Pre-Employment Card (PEC) as part of the National Economic Recovery (PEN) initiative to mitigate rising unemployment and facilitate transitions to sustainable employment.  This study examines the effectiveness of Indonesia’s Pre-Employment Card (PEC) policy in facilitating employment transitions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of the PEC policy is measured through key indicators such as labor absorption rates, reduction in unemployment, and the likelihood of securing formal employment over informal alternatives. This study introduces a novel perspective by employing a dual labor market approach, which highlights the distinct roles and interactions of formal and informal sectors in Indonesia’s labor market. Specifically, it examines how the presence of informality affects job transitions and the effectiveness of the Pre-Employment Card (PEC) policy in facilitating movement toward formal sector employment.  To analyze employment transitions, this research employs a multinomial logit model, selected for its ability to estimate the probability of multiple, categorical employment outcomes, making it especially suitable for evaluating the diverse pathways individuals might take from unemployment to formal or informal employment, and from informal to formal sectors. The findings reveal that the PEC policy significantly increases the likelihood of unemployed individuals securing formal sector jobs rather than informal ones, with participants who completed the initial PEC training showing a 30% higher probability of transitioning to formal employment compared to those without PEC support. Additionally, the policy supports transitions within the labor market by facilitating movement from the informal to the formal sector, with an observed 25% increase in formal employment uptake among informal workers participating in PEC. These results underscore the PEC policy’s effectiveness in promoting formal employment pathways, contributing to workforce stabilization amid economic recovery efforts.
Do Natural Resources Affect Unemployment? Evidence from Indonesian Province Panel Data Gunawan, Beni Teguh
Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v12i2.31824

Abstract

Since the stipulation of regional autonomy in the early 2000s, local governments have managed their revenues and expenditures independently, in direct or revenue-sharing funds from the Central Government, including income from natural resource exploitation. This study aims to identify the region with high natural resources, especially from the mining and quarrying sectors, expected to improve its human resources quality, focusing on the employment sector. In addition, this study identifies the impact of natural resources on reducing unemployment in 34 provinces in 2015-2021. A previous study implemented natural resources rent to proxy natural resources in a region. However, identification of this proxy has been challenging due to the considerable informality in Indonesia. This study employs mining and quarrying sectors to proxy natural resources as a comprehensive output of a region. The data used in this study was secondary data sourced from the National Statistics Board (BPS). The analysis method of this study was fixed effect with the Human Development Index (HDI) and the unemployment rate as the dependent variable. The results of this study revealed that regional natural resources did not impact HDI or reduce the unemployment rate in a province, indicating that the mining and quarrying sectors did not contribute to improving the quality of human resources and reducing unemployment significantly.JEL Classification: C01, O13, O15, O17How to Cite:Gunawan, B. T (2023). Do Natural Resources Affect Unemployment? Evidence From Indonesian Province Panel Data. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.31824
Effectiveness of pre-employment card policy on employment transition during covid-19: evidence from Indonesian dual labor market Gunawan, Beni Teguh; Apriyanto, El Bram; Hennigusnia, Hennigusnia; Suryono, Ivan Lilin; Kurniawati, Ardhian
JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) Vol. 10 No. 4 (2024): JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia)
Publisher : Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Theraphy (IICET)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29210/020244775

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted employment markets globally and nationally, posing unique challenges to Indonesia’s labor force. In response, the Indonesian government launched the Pre-Employment Card (PEC) as part of the National Economic Recovery (PEN) initiative to mitigate rising unemployment and facilitate transitions to sustainable employment.  This study examines the effectiveness of Indonesia’s Pre-Employment Card (PEC) policy in facilitating employment transitions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effectiveness of the PEC policy is measured through key indicators such as labor absorption rates, reduction in unemployment, and the likelihood of securing formal employment over informal alternatives. This study introduces a novel perspective by employing a dual labor market approach, which highlights the distinct roles and interactions of formal and informal sectors in Indonesia’s labor market. Specifically, it examines how the presence of informality affects job transitions and the effectiveness of the Pre-Employment Card (PEC) policy in facilitating movement toward formal sector employment.  To analyze employment transitions, this research employs a multinomial logit model, selected for its ability to estimate the probability of multiple, categorical employment outcomes, making it especially suitable for evaluating the diverse pathways individuals might take from unemployment to formal or informal employment, and from informal to formal sectors. The findings reveal that the PEC policy significantly increases the likelihood of unemployed individuals securing formal sector jobs rather than informal ones, with participants who completed the initial PEC training showing a 30% higher probability of transitioning to formal employment compared to those without PEC support. Additionally, the policy supports transitions within the labor market by facilitating movement from the informal to the formal sector, with an observed 25% increase in formal employment uptake among informal workers participating in PEC. These results underscore the PEC policy’s effectiveness in promoting formal employment pathways, contributing to workforce stabilization amid economic recovery efforts.
Co-Authors Apriyanto, El Bram Hennigusnia, Hennigusnia Kurniawati, Ardhian Suryono, Ivan Lilin