Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne
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Journal : Balobe Law Journal

The Practice of the Death Penalty in Middle Eastern Countries Reviewed from the Perspective of International Law Damura, Fahira Ode; Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne; Tuhulele, Popi
Balobe Law Journal Volume 5 Issue 1, April 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/balobe.v5i1.2414

Abstract

Introduction: Issues surrounding the application of the death law are still a topic of concern, especially in the context of its implementation. The debate continues, especially between countries that have abolished the death penalty and countries that still apply it. Those who support the death penalty argue that this step is still necessary for cases of serious crimes that threaten other individuals' human rights.Purposes of the Research: To study and understand how the death penalty is carried out in Middle Eastern countries and also to study and understand the views of international law in minimizing the practice of the death penalty in Middle Eastern countries.Methods of the Research: This writing uses a normative juridical research method, with the problem approaches used being the statutory approach, conceptual approach and case approach. The sources of legal materials in this writing are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The technique for collecting legal materials uses library research which is then analyzed qualitatively to answer the problems being studied.Results of the Research: The research results show the practice of the death penalty in Middle Eastern countries, especially Saudi Arabia, Iran and Egypt, as well as the suitability of its implementation with international legal instruments such as the ICCPR and UDHR. It found that although several countries have ratified these instruments, the practice of the death penalty often contravenes human rights principles, especially regarding the fairness of legal proceedings and the death penalty for the most serious crimes. To minimize the use of the death penalty, it is recommended that Middle Eastern countries carry out in-depth legal reforms, including abolishing the death penalty for non-serious cases and increasing dialogue with the international community to respect and protect human rights.
Legality of United Nations Resolutions on the Restriction of the Use of Nuclear Weapons by States of Legality Matakena, Jenesya Susye; Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne; Daties, Dyah Ridhul Airin
Balobe Law Journal Volume 5 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/balobe.v5i2.2409

Abstract

Introduction: Countries' non-compliance with UN resolutions regarding the prohibition of testing and use of nuclear weapons is due to the position of the resolution which is still classified as Soft Law due to the presence of elements that violate it and are less binding. The use of nuclear weapons can also threaten human life, thereby giving rise to international state responsibility as regulated in the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Act.Purposes of the Research: The aim of this research is to examine the legality of the UN resolution on spreading the use of nuclear weapons and the relationship between the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Act and the UN resolution.Methods of the Research: The method used is normative juridical with a problem approach, namely a regulatory, case and context approach. Sources of legal materials are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Legal material collection techniques use library research and qualitative analysis.Results of the Research: The legality or binding power of UN General Assembly resolutions is found in three approaches, namely the Customary Law Approach, New Souce Approach, Grey Zone or Soft Law and the legality or binding force of UN Security Council resolutions and the existence of moral force. The relationship between UN resolutions and the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Act was established to prevent actions that are not in accordance with international law, so that UN Security Council resolutions can be the basis for state accountability if there are indications of non-compliance with sanctions issued by the Security Council.