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Exile Trauma and Gender Relevance in the Novel Pulang: Postmemory Studies Marianne Hirsch Putra, Jalu Norva Illa; Rahmawati, Damay; Jia, Cao
POETIKA Vol 12, No 1 (2024): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v12i1.96336

Abstract

Inspired by the real-life experiences of Indonesian exiles, Leila S. Chudori's Pulang explores the journey of an exile of the New Order regime attempting to come to terms with the trauma of the 1965 tragedy, and the inherited trauma of his daughter, who returns to the country of her father’s birth amid political turmoil. This research focused on revealing the discourse of exile as a victim who transmits their trauma to a subsequent generation, as well as the position of gender in the formulation of transmission, affecting the identification of trauma inheritance. Hirsch’s postmemory perspective was employed to analyze the process of trauma inheritance, which was rarely found in Indonesian literary works, as were the historical descriptive, causality, and comparison methods. The trauma inheritance experienced by the first generation is the trauma of loss due to the 1965 tragedy, which was then passed down to a child. Familial transmission becomes the basis of trauma inheritance, strengthened by affiliate transmission, which was a work of authentication in Indonesia. Gender plays a role in the affectivity of transmission, wherein transmissions involving fathers (exiles) and daughters are just as trauma-creating triggers. It is noteworthy that affiliative transmission fosters intersubjectivity among non-exiled female characters who are closely connected to the first generation, thereby enhancing the inheritance of trauma more effectively than familial transmission. The first generation is exiled and identifies its trauma by remembering and bringing with it Indonesian features, in various forms. In contrast, the second generation does it more concretely by becoming a real Indonesian. These findings underpin how an exile's trauma stemming from the 1965 tragedy can be passed on to the second generation, through a transmission process, a journey back to Indonesia, and gender relevance. Pulang redefines an exile as a victim and as an effort for reconciliation.
Teori Filsafat Politik Agamben dalam Karya Sastra: Bare Life dan Homo Sacer Rahmawati, Damay; Sulistyowati, Ecclisia
Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Vol 15 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/st.v15i1.10766

Abstract

Agamben Theory of Political Philosophy in Literature Work: Bare Life and Homo Sacer ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menyajikan gagasan dan teori sosio-politik Agamben seputar kedaulatan negara dan hak asasi manusia, untuk memberikan pandangan dan perbandingan dalam hubungannya dengan teori-teori pada ilmu sosial dan sastra. Agamben adalah salah satu filsuf yang muncul di era modern, yang mana pemikirannya berkaitan dengan filsuf besar pendahulunya, seperti Michel Foucault dan Hannah Arendt yang juga dibahas di dalam penelitian ini. Oleh karena itu, hubungan antara konsep-konsep pemikiran mereka pun dipresentasikan dalam penelitian ini, beserta konsep politik Agamben yang diaplikasikan dalam artikel kritik sastra. Berdasarkan data-data yang didapatkan melalui studi pustaka ditemukan penggambaran dari istilah bare life dan homo sacer yang merupakan pandangan Agamben terhadap kualitas manusia sebagai individu. Agamben menunjukkan bahwa kedaulatan negara dapat mengubah status manusia menjadi tanpa hak asasi maupun hak politik di bawah kekuasaannya, yang mana penerapannya pun dapat ditemukan dalam beberapa karya sastra, yang dibahas dalam artikel kritik sastra.Kata kunci: Agamben, Kedaulatan Negara, Homo Sacer, Bare Life, Hak Asasi Manusia ABSTRACTThis study provides Agamben’s socio-political ideas and theory regarding sovereignty and human right, to give a deeper insight and comparison in the relation of social theory and literary studies. Giorgio Agamben is one of modern philosopher, which his thoughts are connected to other previous philosophers, such as Michel Foucault and Hannah Arendt who are also discussed in this study. Thus, the connections between their concepts are presented in this study, along with the Agamben political concepts which is applied in literary criticism articles. Based on the data obtained from library research is found the depictions of the terms bare life and homo sacer which Agamben’s view of human qualities as individuals. Agamben shows that sovereignty can change human status to be without human rights or political rights under its power, which the implementation can be found in several literature works that are discussed in critical literary articles.Keyword: Agamben, Sovereignty, Homo Sacer, Bare Life, Human Rights.