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All Journal Narra J
Rabaan, Ali A.
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Diagnostic performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay compared to conventional Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture for diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Nepal Chaudhary, Raina; Bhatta, Sabita; Singh, Alina; Pradhan, Manoj; Shrivastava, Brijendra; Singh, Yengkokpam I.; Sah, Ranjit; Fathah, Zareena; Mehta, Rachana; Rabaan, Ali A.; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Dhama, Kuldeep
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narraj.v1i2.33

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a global health problem and major cause of death in resource-limited countries like Nepal. Timely diagnosis with sensitive testing methods could assist in early management of the disease. This study was conducted to compare the diagnostic performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF and conventional acid-fast staining with M. tuberculosis culture. The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Shree Birendra Army Hospital, Nepal. Samples (n=500) were tested with a GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy. All samples were sent for M. tuberculosis conventional culture by the German-Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Kathmandu, Nepal (GENETUP). Out of a total 500 pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples tested, 97 samples were positive for M. tuberculosis by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Out of the positive samples, only 95 samples were found positive by the culture method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of AFB microscopy was 45.3%, 99.5%, 99.5% and 88.5%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of GeneXpert MTB/RIF was found to be 100%, 99.5%, 97.5% and 100%, respectively compared to the gold standard culture method. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF test was comparable with culture diagnosis of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases.
SARS-CoV-2 and Orientia tsutsugamushi co-infection in a young teen, Nepal: Significant burden in limited-resource countries in Asia? Bastola, Anup; Sah, Ranjit; Rajbhandari, Sagar K.; Jha, Runa; Fathah, Zareena; Chalise, Bimal S.; Shrestha, Bikesh; Shah, Rajesh K.; Balla, Pujan; Nepal, Richa; Adhikari, Bipin; Rabaan, Ali A.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narraj.v1i2.34

Abstract

Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites). During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reports of co-infections with endemic pathogens are increasing around the world. Disease with similar clinical presentation may mask other disease diagnosis and increase the morbidity and mortality of the patients. We report co-infection between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and O. tsutsugamushi in a patient in Nepal presenting with fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, generalized body ache, and knee joints pain with a history of dry cough and dyspnea at night. Since scrub typhus is prevalent and considerate as one of the public health consents in Asian countries and the possible overlapping clinical manifestation with other infections including COVID-19, a further investigation required to determine the burden of SARS-CoV-2 and O. tsutsugamushi co-infection in scrub typhus-endemic countries in Asia.
Titer disparity of anti-Spike receptor binding domain SARS-CoV-2 antibody between vaccinated and naturally infected individuals Surawan, Dewa P.; Sumohadi, Duwi; Budhitresna, Anak AG.; Lestari, Putri P.; Dewi, Kartika; Wikananda, Wasudewa; Suwari, Retenra P.; Islam, Md. Rabiul; Te, Haypheng; Rabaan, Ali A.; Masyeni, Sri
Narra J Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i1.71

Abstract

In conjunction with other health promotion strategies, vaccination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a strategy to alleviate the burden of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in antibody response strength between individuals who received COVID-19 vaccination and those who had a natural infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A cross-sectional study was conducted among post-natural confirmed COVID-19 infection and immunized people in Bali, Indonesia. The vaccination was using Sinovac-CoronaVac with two-weeks interval between the two vaccine doses. To measure the level of anti-Spike receptor binding domain (SRBD) of SARS-CoV-2 antibody, we used Roche electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) platform. Blood samples were obtained before and 28 days after first immunization in the vaccinated group, as well as two weeks after hospital discharge in the confirmed COVID-19 patients based on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 58 confirmed COVID-19 patients and 60 vaccinated individuals were included. On the 28th day after the initial vaccination, the seroconversion rate among vaccinated individuals was 91.67%. The mean titer of anti-SRBD SARS-CoV-2 antibody among vaccinated participants was 63.62±82.57 IU/mL (ranged between 0 IU/mL and 250 IU/mL). The mean titer among naturally infected group was 188.47±94.57 IU/mL (ranged between 4.25 IU/mL to 250 IU/mL) regardless the severity of COVID-19. Our data suggested that the titer of anti-SRBD SARS-CoV-2 antibody was significantly higher in naturally infected individuals compared to those who received COVID-19 vaccination (p<0.001). These data suggest that not all individuals vaccinated with Sinovac COVID-19 had protective level of anti-SRBD SARS-CoV-2 antibody and booster dose of heterologous vaccine maybe required.
Hepatitis E virus in pigs and the environment: An updated review of public health concerns Ahmad, Tauseef; Jin, Hui; Dhama, Kuldeep; Yatoo, Mohd. Iqbal; Tiwari, Ruchi; Bilal, Muhammad; Dhawan, Manish; Emran, Talha B.; Alestad, Jeehan H.; Alhani, Hatem M.; BinKhalaf, Habib K.; Rabaan, Ali A.
Narra J Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i2.78

Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important public health problem and is responsible for both acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Public health implications of HEV are derived from its transmission route, either water-borne or food-borne, and its zoonotic potential. Not only in developing countries, but HEV cases are also found in a high number in developed countries. The spread of HEV to the environment might pollute surface waters, which could act as the source of infection for both humans and animals. Identification of the virus in animal products suggests the circulation of HEV within water and food chains. High seroprevalence and circulation of HEV in livestock, in particular pigs, as well as in environmental samples warrants further investigation into pig markets. HEV virulence in different environments and meat supply chains could shed light on the possible sources of infection in humans and the degree of occupational risk. The purpose of this review is to discuss HEV infections with an emphasis on livestock- and environment-related risk factors, and food-borne, water-borne, and zoonotic transmissions.
Co-Authors Adhikari, Bipin Ahmad, Tauseef Alestad, Jeehan H. Alhani, Hatem M. Balla, Pujan Bastola, Anup Bhatta, Sabita Bilal, Muhammad BinKhalaf, Habib K. Budhitresna, Anak AG. Chalise, Bimal S. Chaudhary, Raina Dhama, Kuldeep Dhawan, Manish Emran, Talha B. Fathah, Zareena Jha, Runa Jin, Hui Kartika Dewi Lestari, Putri P. Masyeni, Sri Md. Rabiul Islam Mehta, Rachana Nepal, Richa Pradhan, Manoj Rajbhandari, Sagar K. Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. Sah, Ranjit Shah, Rajesh K. Shrestha, Bikesh Shrivastava, Brijendra Singh, Alina Singh, Yengkokpam I. Sumohadi, Duwi Surawan, Dewa P. Suwari, Retenra P. Te, Haypheng Tiwari, Ruchi Wikananda, Wasudewa Yatoo, Mohd. Iqbal