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Environmental Enteric Dysfunction as a Risk Factor for Growth Failure in the Agricultural Areas of Brebes Regency Gandha Sunaryo Putra; Suhartono; Cahya Tri Purnami; Martha Irene Kartasurya
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v18i1.2026.53-62

Abstract

Background: Growth faltering in early childhood remains a global concern. Major contributing factors include poor sanitation, recurrent infections, a history of low birth weight (LBW), and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) that reduces nutrient absorption. This study examines the determinants of growth faltering among children aged 6–23 months in the agricultural areas of Brebes Regency, Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a case–control design involving non-stunted children aged 6–23 months. The case group consisted of 64 children with weight-for-age (WAZ) < 5th percentile, while the control group included children with WAZ ≥ 5th percentile, classified according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. Data were collected through anthropometric assessments and standardized, structured interviews, with participants selected through purposive sampling. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of growth faltering. Results and Discussion: There were no significant differences between groups in mean maternal age, child age, or maternal employment status. Maternal education levels were lower in the case group. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.10–5.08), history of LBW (OR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.21–19.94), and EED (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 0.93–4.32) were identified as determinants of growth faltering among children living in the agricultural areas of Brebes Regency. Conclusion: EED is a key determinant of growth faltering among children aged 6–23 months in the agricultural areas of Brebes Regency, alongside recent ARI and a history of LBW. Keywords: Brebes Regency, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Growth failure, Low Birth Weight, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Low Birth Weight, Birth Order, URTI, and Unimproved Latrines as Risk Factors for Growth Faltering in Rural Eastern Indonesia Gandha Sunaryo Putra; Suhartono Suhartono; Cahya Tri Purnami; Martha Irene Kartasurya
Jurnal Bahana Kesehatan Masyarakat (Bahana of Journal Public Health) Vol 10 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Bahana Kesehatan Masyarakat (Bahana of Journal Public Health)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35910/jbkm.v10i1.1315

Abstract

Background: Growth faltering in children remains a major global public health concern because its consequences extend far beyond early life, affecting cognitive development and future economic well being. In Indonesia, children living in rural settings face a greater risk of experiencing growth problems, particularly in contexts marked by infectious diseases, inadequate sanitation, and maternal related factors. This study was conducted to examine the risk factors associated with growth faltering among children under two years of age in rural areas of Eastern Indonesia using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. Method: A cross sectional design was applied, involving 2,672 children aged 6 to 23 months. Data were analyzed using the chi square test and multiple logistic regression Result: The findings revealed that a history of low birth weight (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.755–3.434; p < 0.00), birth order (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.031–1.481; p = 0.015), a history of upper respiratory tract infection (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04–1.57; p = 0.020), and unimproved latrine conditions (AOR = 1.314; 95% CI: 1.046–1.651; p = 0.019) were significant risk factors for growth faltering. Conclusion: These results suggest that infectious diseases, poor sanitation, and maternal characteristics play a central role in shaping the burden of child growth faltering in rural Eastern Indonesia. Accordingly, efforts to reduce its prevalence should prioritize improvements in maternal health services, stronger family planning programs, prevention of infectious diseases, and better access to basic sanitation in rural communities.