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All Journal Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Hukum Voices of English Language Education Society
Afandi, Muhajir
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Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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TINJAUAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL MENGENAI SERANGAN UDARA DI BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL BAGDAD JANUARI 2020 Afandi, Muhajir; Jayakusuma, Zulfikar; Diana, Ledy
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Hukum Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Juli - Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Hukum

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Abstract

One of the most important purpose of the United Nations establishment isto maintaining the international peace and security through the prohibition on theuse of force among states to settle their problem which has been enshrined underUnited Nations Charter (UN Charter). One of the exceptions for states to use theirforce is in the situation of self-defense against the prior attack directed againstvictim state under Article 51 of the UN Charter. Despite the prohibition provisionunder UN Charter, there are still violations to this provision by states, veryrecently was the attack directed against Baghdad International Airport in Iraq byUnited States on the basis of self-defense however the condition defined in theArticle 51 of UN Charter was not fulfilled hence it made United StatesConduction Estabilshed the nature of violation to the Article 2(4) of UN Charter.The type of research carried out through normative-juridical researchwhere this research is conducted on the basis of legal principles which startedfrom certain written authorities as well as priorly identifying the provisions thathas been enshrined in certain law. In this study, the data sources used weresecondary data with primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials cerried outby the library research means.The results obtained through the research proves that, firstly, that theUnited States attack against Baghdad International Airport of Iraq constitutes aviolation to the non use of force obligation, constitutes an act of Agressionfurthermore the violation of good faith principle towards UN Charter and theAgreement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Iraq.Secondly, the ‘Self-Defense’ Basis by United States Government could not bedeem lawful as the condition under Article 51 nor the condition under ‘CarolineTest’ was never fulfilled.Keywords : UN Charter – Use of Force – Pacta Sunt Servanda – Self-defenseby States
Do Emotions Teach Us How to Teach? Emotional Insights from an International EFL Practicum in Thailand Rachmawati Nur, Maulidia; Jihan Khalishah, Salsabila; Afandi, Muhajir
VELES Voices of English Language Education Society Vol 9 No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/veles.v9i2.30333

Abstract

This qualitative case study explores the emotional geographies experienced by Indonesian pre-service teachers during an international EFL teaching practicum in Southern Thailand. Using Hargreaves’ (2001) framework, which includes moral, sociocultural, political, professional, and physical geographies, this study examines how emotional dynamics influence the practicum experiences of two pre-service teachers over six months. Data were gathered through open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, then analyzed with Braun and Clarke’s Thematic Content Analysis and the Miles and Huberman model. The findings indicate that three emotional geographies, moral, sociocultural, and political, were most prominent. These emerged through emotional challenges such as managing student behavior, navigating cultural and linguistic differences, and dealing with hierarchical structures that hinder open communication and emotional expression in the classroom. Despite these challenges, participants also experienced emotional growth, increased cultural awareness, and development of their teaching identities. The study highlights the importance of affective experiences in shaping teacher development, particularly within intercultural and multilingual educational settings. It contributes to the expanding body of literature on international teacher education by emphasizing the need to include emotional preparation and intercultural competence in pre-service teacher training. Addressing emotional aspects of teaching through structured reflection, emotional literacy, and mentoring can better prepare future educators for global teaching assignments. The findings suggest that policy and curriculum reforms in teacher education are essential to foster emotional resilience and intercultural adaptation during international practicums.
Co-Authors Jihan Khalishah, Salsabila Ledy Diana Maulidia Rachmawati Nur Zulfikar Jayakusuma