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Kumar, Aneel
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Evaluation of Strength Characteristics of Cement-Stabilized Rammed-Earth Material Sahito, Abdul Munim; Memon, Rizwan Ali; Kumar, Aneel; Bhanbhro, Riaz
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-09

Abstract

The traditional method of rammed-earth construction is seeing a resurgence because of its minimal environmental impact and sustainability. Numerous elements, including soil composition, compaction procedure, stabilization methods, moisture content, and ambient conditions, affect the properties of rammed-earth materials. This research work aims to investigate the strength characteristics of cement-stabilized rammed-earth material. The strength characteristics involve compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. There are four soil types involved in the casting of cement-stabilized rammed-earth, i.e., 0C100S, 10C90S, 20C80S, and 30C70S. The moisture contents used are based on the OMC of Thar Desert sand, i.e., 11.5%, 12.5%, and 13.5%. While the cement contents used are, i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15%. The number of specimens cast is equal to 216. The results of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests conclude that strength increases with the increase in cement content; however, the increase in moisture content decreases the magnitude of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. The increase in clay content up to 20% increases the compressive strength; a further increase in clay content, i.e., 30%, results in a reduction of compressive strength. The splitting tensile strength increases with the increase in clay content. The maximum compressive strength equal to 13.43 MPa is achieved in the specimen, i.e., 20C80S15c, with minimum moisture content used, i.e., OMC-1% (or 11.50%). While the maximum splitting tensile strength achieved is 6.68 MPa of the specimen, i.e., 30C70S15c, with a moisture content of 11.50%.
Innovative Advancements in Construction: The Sustainable Promise of Aerated Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash and River Sand Larik, Maroosha; Kumar, Aneel; Ali, Tauha Hussain; Larik, Rimsha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-019

Abstract

Aerated Concrete, or lightweight concrete, is primarily used in construction work for non-load-bearing structures and is typically produced with cement as a primary binding material. Cement production accounts for 7 to 8% of the environmental CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the dumping of industrial waste and the consumption of aggregates disrupt the environment and ecosystem. This research aims at developing sustainable AC by partially substituting cement with FA and hill sand with IRS while maintaining the fundamental properties of aerated concrete. The study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the materials and the physical and mechanical properties of aerated concrete. Variations of fly ash, i.e., 10%-70%, were incorporated as a CRM to get optimum FA usage in terms of density and compressive strength. Optimum FA was incorporated as CRM and IRS as sand replacement, used in four variations, i.e., 10% - 25%. Specimens were cured using the conventional curing method and autoclaving for NAAC and AAC, considering both manufacturing processes, CO2 emissions and time limitations in respective curing methods. Conventional curing was performed at 7, 14, and 28 days, while autoclaving was performed at various pressures, i.e., 0.5 bar, 1 bar, and 1.5 bar. The optimum compressive strength of AAC and NAAC was achieved when 20% of the IRS and 50% of FA were replaced with hill sand and cement, respectively, for both AAC and NAAC. Additionally, approximately 32% and 39.3% of CO2 emissions were reduced with 50% FA and 20% river sand replacement with cement for AAC and NAAC specimens. Although AAC demonstrated slightly lower water absorption due to densification through autoclaving, NAAC performed satisfactorily in offering a more cost-effective and energy-efficient alternative.
Co-Authors Ali, Tauha Hussain Bhanbhro, Riaz Larik, Maroosha Larik, Rimsha Memon, Rizwan Ali Sahito, Abdul Munim