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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain
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Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

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Optimisation and Management of Virtual Power Plants Energy Mix Trading Model Ullah, Zahid; Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain; Baseer, Muhammad
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.39295

Abstract

. In this study, a robust optimisation method (ROM) is proposed with aim to achieve optimal scheduling of virtual power plants (VPPs) in the day-ahead electricity markets where electricity prices are highly uncertain. Our VPP is a collection of various distributed energy resources (DERs), flexible loads, and energy storage systems that are coordinated and operated as a single entity. In this study, an offer and bid-based energy trading mechanism is proposed where participating members in the VPP setting can sell or buy to/from the day-ahead electricity market to maximise social welfare (SW). SW is defined as the maximisation of end-users benefits and minimisation of energy costs. The optimisation problem is solved as a mixed-integer linear programming model taking the informed decisions at various levels of uncertainty of the market prices. The benefits of the proposed approach are consistency in solution accuracy and traceability due to less computational burden and this would be beneficial for the VPP operators. The robustness of the proposed mathematical model and method is confirmed in a case study approach using a distribution system with 18-buses. Simulation results illustrate that in the highest robustness scenario, profit is reduced marginally, however, the VPP showed robustness towards the day-ahead market (DAM) price uncertainty
Design and optimization of an energy storage system for off-grid rural communities Soomro, Zain Ul Abddin; Khatri, Shoaib Ahmed; Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain; Memon, Abdul Hannan; Uqaili, Muhammad Aslam; Kumar, Laveet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61191

Abstract

Access to reliable electricity remains a significant challenge in various developing countries, specifically in Pakistan, where traditional grid expansion is often economically unfeasible, especially in remote and rural areas, which results in frequent outages and limited access to modern energy services. To address this issue, this research aims to design and optimize an off-grid microgrid system powered by Renewable Energy (RE) sources, specifically solar energy, integrated with an efficient Energy Storage System (ESS) to ensure a continuous supply during low Solar Irradiance ( ), adverse weather conditions, and at night. The proposed off-grid system includes three types of storage technologies: Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB), Sodium-Ion Battery (NIB), and Hydrogen Storage System (HSS). The study employs HOMER Pro to simulate and optimize the system sized as 150 kW. The comprehensive techno-economic analysis is undertaken, and offers two key perspectives, i) System #2 exhibits better technical performance, offering a higher RE fraction and capacity utilization, and ii) System #1 has better economic performance by providing lower Net Present Cost (NPC) and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Specifically, with the integration of NIBs. These results reveal that the 1.53 $M of NPC, 0.0649 $/kWh of LCOE are the lowest, at RE fraction of 100%, and 0.0977% capacity shortage with 0.0494% of unmet load respectively. A sensitivity analysis is also undertaken to establish the robustness of the proposed off-grid system and the impact of uncertain techno-economic parameters on NPC and LCOE with a variation of ±2%, which enhances the reliability in meeting energy demands. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the potential of NIBs as a future-forward energy storage option, being cost-effective, and derived from abundant, low-cost materials, i.e., Sodium (Na).
Co-Authors Baseer, Muhammad Khatri, Shoaib Ahmed Kumar, Laveet Memon, Abdul Hannan Soomro, Zain Ul Abddin Ullah, Zahid Uqaili, Muhammad Aslam