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Perlindungan Terumbu Karang Menurut UNCLOS 1982 (Studi Kasus Kerusakan Terumbu Karang oleh Kapal Pesiar M.V. Caledonian Sky di Raja Ampat) Trimirza, Maretta; Ramlan, Ramlan; Repindowaty, Rahayu
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 2 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v2i1.10912

Abstract

Coral reefs and all the life contained in them are one of the most valuable natural assets. Various damages done by humans have caused damage to the ecosystem that marine resources are reduced. The case of the collision by the cruise ship M.V. Caledonian Sky in Raja Ampat is causing damage to coral reefs, it needs protection and responsibility. This study aims to: First, identify and analyze how the protection of the marine environment against coral reefs is caused by the M.V. Cruise Ship. Caledonian Sky based on international law and national law. Second, knowing and analyzing how the M.V. Caledonian Sky for damage to coral reefs based on UNCLOS 1982 and national laws. The research method used is normative juridical research, by examining document studies using a variety of secondary data or library materials. The results of this study are First, protection of the marine environment against damage to coral reefs by the M.V. cruise ship. Caledonian Sky according to international law in accordance with UNCLOS 1982 article 194 paragraphs (1) and (2) concerning measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment. According to national laws protecting the marine environment against damage to coral reefs by the cruise ship M.V. Caledonian Sky is regulated in laws concerning the protection of the marine environment and applies in Indonesia. Second, Cruise Ship Legal Liability M.V. Caledonian Sky for Damage to Coral Reefs according to international law is regulated in UNCLOS 1982 Article 193 concerning the sovereign rights of the State to exploit its natural resources and Article 235 concerning responsibility and compensation obligations. According to national law, it is stipulated in laws concerning accountability and applies in Indonesia. Third, the London-based Noble Calidonia Company has acknowledged responsibility for this case. To prevent the occurrence by Caledonian Sky cruises, Indonesia must establish signs for certain areas to be used as shipping activities. Second, in upholding national law and international law in the supervision of marine waters in Indonesia, the government of the Republic of Indonesia must affirm and apply existing laws correctly and clearly in order to become a deterrent effect for ship operators and ship captains to prevent this kind of happening again in Indonesian marine. Third, in resolving cases of damage to coral reefs, Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Article 87 paragraphs (1) and (2) can be used.
Reorientasi Pengaturan Jasa Pendidikan Tinggi di Indonesia: Menakar Impak GATS: Penelitian M. Aidil Akbar; Maretta Trimirza
Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Volume 4 Nomor 2 June - September
Publisher : PT PUSTAKA CENDEKIA GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70292/pchukumsosial.v4i2.499

Abstract

Keterikatan Indonesia pada General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) memicu ketegangan normatif antara komitmen perdagangan bebas internasional (pacta sunt servanda) dan kewajiban konstitusional negara (state obligation) dalam menjamin hak atas pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi yuridis komitmen GATS terhadap kedaulatan regulasi pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia serta merumuskan konsep reorientasi hukum yang ideal dalam pengaturan Perguruan Tinggi Asing (PTA). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif (doctrinal legal research) dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perjanjian internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kontradiksi normatif antara kehendak GATS yang mendorong komersialisasi pasar pendidikan dengan Pasal 90 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2012 tentang Pendidikan Tinggi yang secara eksplisit mewajibkan operasionalisasi PTA berprinsip nirlaba. Lebih lanjut, fleksibilitas regulasi dalam UU Cipta Kerja dan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Pendidikan berpotensi memperlebar komersialisasi dan mengancam pendidikan sebagai barang publik (public goods). Sebagai bentuk reorientasi hukum berbasis Teori Monisme Primat Hukum Nasional dan Social Engineering, Indonesia perlu mempertahankan regulasi protektifnya sekaligus membentuk aturan khusus dan terpisah (lex specialis) bagi PTA. Regulasi ini wajib memuat tiga pilar utama: keharusan kemitraan strategis (mandatory joint venture), proteksi kedaulatan kurikulum nasional, serta skema beasiswa afirmatif minimal 20% bagi mahasiswa kurang mampu demi menjaga kerangka aksesibilitas (4As Framework).