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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia
Firmansyah, Cyril Anfasha
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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THE EFFECT OF SMOKING BEHAVIOR ON HEALTH EXPENDITURE IN INDONESIA’S RURAL AREAS Firmansyah, Cyril Anfasha; Renaldi, Reza Galih; Monikka, Dinda; Sihaloho, Estro Dariatno
Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Smoking is one of the biggest causes of death in the world. The WHO reported that smoking kills 8 million people each year. Besides threatening global health, smoking by rural people tends to detain poverty alleviation efforts due to several factors, including cigarette expenditures and health expenditures. Indonesia has one of the most significant worldwide smoking prevalence and has become one of the countries that most suffer from smoking. The MoH Indonesia reported that health costs due to smoking reached Rp596.61 trillion in 2015. Previous studies found that smoking caused an increase in health expenditure due to smoking-related diseases in Indonesia. However, there is a lack of evidence found in rural areas. This research aims to answer whether smoking affects health expenditure in rural areas. Robust regression analysis is used in this model and processed by STATA 14 application. Using IFLS 5 data, the analysis shows that cigarettes consumed in rural areas have a positive and significant effect on outpatient costs. Increased outpatient costs in rural areas due to smoking will make the rural economy suffer and escalate poverty. The government should intensify the tobacco control policy in rural areas to avoid an increase of poverty rate in Indonesia.
Diagnosing Poverty Eradication Through Literacy: Analysis from Indonesia National Socioeconomic Survey Firmansyah, Cyril Anfasha; Suherman, Moch Fauzi Alfandri; Akmal, Putri Nabila; Anisa, Archie Flora; Sihaloho, Estro Dariatno
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 24, No 2 (2023): JEP 2023
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jep.v24i2.20239

Abstract

Literacy can be interpreted as a tool for the development of global society. However, the low literacy rate in Indonesia obstructs the quality of human resource improvement in education. Based on data from the PISA (2019), Indonesia is ranked 62nd in the literacy level from 70 countries. Quality of education is one of the economical ways to reduce the illiteracy that is interrelated to poverty. A question arises as to whether literacy-based cognitive abilities can reduce poverty . Previous studies on education for poverty eradication were limited to the regular cognitive domain. This study attempts to fill that gap. A Probit regression model was used with the probability of becoming poor as the dependent variable. A set of literacy-based cognitive abilities, such as age, gender, education level, and geographical factor are used as explanatory variables. According to 2019 National Socioeconomic Survey data, the analysis indicated that literacy-based cognitive abilities have a significant negative impact on poverty. Literacy has often been limited to the ability to read, write, and perform basic arithmetic. In order people to function effectively in their communities, the government should put focus on education attainment that cultivates functional literacy. It refers to the practical skills needed to read, write, and perform math for real-life purposes.
Co-Authors Akmal, Putri Nabila Anisa, Archie Flora Monikka, Dinda Renaldi, Reza Galih Sihaloho, Estro Dariatno Suherman, Moch Fauzi Alfandri