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All Journal Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik
Mahendra, Rizky
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Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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Effect of Chitosan, Clay, and CMC on Physicochemical Properties of Bioplastic from Banana Corm with Glycerol. Sugiharto, Agung; Syarifa, Adilla; Handayani, Nindita; Mahendra, Rizky
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 1 (2021): June 2021 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.25323

Abstract

Bioplactic from banana corm and glycerol has been studied in this research. In addition, the physical chemical properties of it has been improved by adding chitosan, clay and CMC as filler and glycerol as plasticizer. Plastic that produced form organic material such as starch usually has poor properties in physical and mechanical. Composition variation of chitosan, clay and CMC as filler then combined by variation of glycerol as plasticizer have produced significant improve of the bioplastic physical properties. Properties of the bioplastic that studied in this research was focused to biodegradation, elongation, and tensile strength. The addition of fillers and plasticizers is carried out to produce a better bioplastics. This study used 3 variations of the filler composition : 4, 5, and 6 grams and 2 variations of the plasticizer composition: 1 ml and 2 ml. The bioplastics that produced were tested for tensile strength, elongation, and biodegradation of the soil for 7 days. The best tensile strength results is 8.43 MPa for bioplastic that using CMC fillers. On the other side, the best elongation percentage is 9.87% for bioplastic which using CMC fillers. The bioplastic that added Clay as filler can be degraded up to 100% in 7 days.
Effect of Chitosan, Clay, and CMC on Physicochemical Properties of Bioplastic from Banana Corm with Glycerol. Sugiharto, Agung; Syarifa, Adilla; Handayani, Nindita; Mahendra, Rizky
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 10, No 1 (2021): June 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.25323

Abstract

Bioplactic from banana corm and glycerol has been studied in this research. In addition, the physical chemical properties of it has been improved by adding chitosan, clay and CMC as filler and glycerol as plasticizer. Plastic that produced form organic material such as starch usually has poor properties in physical and mechanical. Composition variation of chitosan, clay and CMC as filler then combined by variation of glycerol as plasticizer have produced significant improve of the bioplastic physical properties. Properties of the bioplastic that studied in this research was focused to biodegradation, elongation, and tensile strength. The addition of fillers and plasticizers is carried out to produce a better bioplastics. This study used 3 variations of the filler composition : 4, 5, and 6 grams and 2 variations of the plasticizer composition: 1 ml and 2 ml. The bioplastics that produced were tested for tensile strength, elongation, and biodegradation of the soil for 7 days. The best tensile strength results is 8.43 MPa for bioplastic that using CMC fillers. On the other side, the best elongation percentage is 9.87% for bioplastic which using CMC fillers. The bioplastic that added Clay as filler can be degraded up to 100% in 7 days.
Dinamika Hukum Kontrak di Era Ekonomi Digital dalam Perbandingan Kontrak Konvensional dan Smart Contract Mahendra, Rizky; Puspitasari, Laila
Perkara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): September 2025: Perkara Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/9jebpa55

Abstract

The emergence of smart contracts in digital transactions has transformed the traditional understanding of agreement, execution, and legal enforcement. In Indonesia, the absence of specific regulations concerning automated contracts raises questions regarding their validity, enforceability, and compliance with civil law principles. This study aims to examine the legal recognition and practical implementation of smart contracts using an empirical legal approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 legal practitioners, 8 business actors, and 5 digital system developers, complemented by document analysis and regulatory comparison. The findings indicate that 70 percent of respondents expressed uncertainty regarding the legal legitimacy of smart contracts, while 65 percent acknowledged their potential to enhance efficiency and transparency in business transactions. The research also reveals that regulatory gaps, limited institutional capacity, and technical errors such as coding bugs significantly affect the reliability of automated agreements. These results highlight that the adaptation of civil law principles, particularly consent and liability, remains incomplete in the context of digital automation. The study contributes to legal scholarship by proposing a reinterpretation of contract principles to align with technological innovation and emphasizing the need for hybrid regulatory frameworks. The novelty of this research lies in its empirical examination of how smart contracts challenge the classical notion of legal consent and create new dimensions of accountability within the modern digital legal system.
Co-Authors Agung Sugiharto Handayani, Nindita Puspitasari, Laila Syarifa, Adilla