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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Jambe Law Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Jurnal hukum IUS PUBLICUM Yuridika
Ghapa, Norhasliza
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Religion Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Judicial Preclusion in International Arbitration: Comparative Analysis of UK, Australia, and Malaysia’s Practices Che Rosli, Iyllyana; Ghouri, Ahmad; Ghapa, Norhasliza; Zakariah, Asril Amirul; Kamariah Musa, Murshamsul
Jambe Law Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Jambi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/home.v7i2.385

Abstract

This paper examines the issue of judicial preclusion in international arbitration, focusing on whether an award-debtor’s failure to challenge a foreign award at the supervisory court precludes them from contesting the enforcement of an award in another jurisdiction. Through a comparative analysis of judicial practices in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Malaysia, the study evaluates the extent of harmonisation in the application of Article V of the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958 (NYC 1958). The findings reveal divergences: while UK and Australian courts adopt a flexible approach, allowing enforcement-stage challenges irrespective of prior actions at the supervisory court, Malaysian courts demonstrate a strong pro-enforcement bias, often deferring to the decisions of the supervisory court and restricting opportunities for re-litigation. This paper engages with the theories of res judicata and finality, exploring their interplay with judicial discretion and highlighting the tension between fairness and the finality of arbitration awards. It concludes with critical recommendations for enhancing harmonisation under the NYC 1958, including clearer guidelines on judicial preclusion, the integration of international best practices, and reforms to balance enforcement predictability and certainty in international arbitration
Force Majeure Clause in Umrah Contract: Safeguarding Malaysian Umrah Travellers Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Wan Noor Fatihah Wan Kamarudin; Ghapa, Norhasliza; Noraida Harun; Farhanin Abdullah Asuhaimi; Iyllyana Che Rosli
Yuridika Vol. 40 No. 2 (2025): Volume 40 No 2 May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ydk.v40i2.49765

Abstract

Thousands of Umrah trips were cancelled by the domestic tour operators after the Saudi government restricted travel to the Holy City of Mecca and Medina due to the rapid spread of COVID-19 in March 2020. As a result, how domestic tour operators handle this unique situation varies. Certain tour operators offering Umrah services depended on the force majeure clause in their contract, which released them from fulfilling their obligations under the agreement. However, a small number of businesses did not include force majeure clauses in their Umrah contracts, which allow the Umrah tour operators to excuse themselves from fulfilling their obligations even terminating the Umrah contract without providing the pilgrims with any compensation. Due to unstandardised Umrah contracts prepared by the domestic tour operators, it detrimentally affects the interests of vulnerable pilgrims. Considering this, this study aims to provide a mechanism in safeguarding the interests of Umrah travellers in the event of unforeseen occurrences. As such, the doctrinal study that forms the basis of this article uses a qualitative methodology, with data gathered via library research. The study concludes that in situations where a force majeure incident interferes with the performance of the Umrah contract, the Umrah tour operators have not adhered to any standard procedure. It is urgent for the domestic Umrah tour operators to invoke force majeure clauses in their Umrah contracts.
A Comparative Study Between Indonesia and Malaysia on the Role of Notaries and Advocates Abdillah, Satrio; Ghapa, Norhasliza; Makhtar, Maheran
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7853

Abstract

This research aims to compare the roles of notaries and advocates in Indonesia and Malaysia. The urgency of this research is to provide better insight into the topic. The novelty of this research lies in the comparative approach offered in this analysis in the legal context of Indonesia and Malaysia. This research uses a qualitative approach with data sources in documentation and observation. The analysis tool chosen is Nvivo 12 Plus. The findings of this study succeeded in identifying striking similarities and differences in the roles of these two professions. The main similarity in the role of notaries in Indonesia and Malaysia is the function of legalizing and enforcing the validity of legal documents. Notaries in both countries certify documents and ensure compliance with applicable laws. However, the most significant difference lies in the two countries' scope of duties, legal authority, and notary education systems. The main similarities in the role of advocates in Indonesia and Malaysia include legal representation, providing legal advice, and filing legal documents. However, the main differences relate to the scope of the case, legal system, educational requirements, legal language, and legal culture. This shows differences in the two countries' legal contexts and legal demands. Thus, the roles of notaries and advocates in Indonesia and Malaysia have basic similarities in legalizing documents and legal representation but significant differences in the scope of duties, legal authority, education system, and legal and cultural context.
Legal Theory and Raison D’etre Behind the Use Of Unfair Contract Terms Razak, Farihana Abdul; Abd Ghadas, Zuhairah Ariff; Ghapa, Norhasliza
Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun
Publisher : SCAD Independent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26811/peuradeun.v9i3.647

Abstract

This article discussed unfair contract terms, explores the relevant legal theories that underpin the use of unfair contract terms and examines the raison d’etre for using unfair terms in a contract. The qualitative and doctrinal legal research methods were used in this study. Data were obtained through documentation techniques, which included examining and analyzing several journals, books, and other related documents. Based on library research and content analysis of primary and secondary data sources, the findings indicated that the theory put forward by legal philosophers is to ensure that law and society can be balanced. The use of standard form contracts increases the implementation of unfair contract terms; nonetheless, this study found there is raison d’etre in using unfair terms, particularly in the event of safety, security, government regulatory, operational, and health concerns. Therefore, it is hoped that the study will contribute to a knowledge of contract law.
The Complexity of Notarial Law in Indonesia: Application of the Concordance Principle Abdillah, Satrio; Ghapa, Norhasliza; Makhtar, Maheran
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 22 No. 001 (2023): Pena Justisia (Special Issue)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v22i3.3490

Abstract

This research aims to examine the urgency of implementing the concordance principle in the complex practice of notarial practice in Indonesia. The research method uses a thematic analysis approach, which is carried out by carefully examining a number of previous research documents and other relevant sources of information. To facilitate in-depth analysis, this study used Nvivo 12 Plus data analysis software. This research reveals that the application of the concordance principle in notarial practice in Indonesia has a significant impact. This principle creates legal certainty, protects public interests, increases efficiency, and supports harmonization with international standards. This also helps prevent legal conflicts, improve notary professionalism, and establish a strong and fair notarial system. By integrating diverse legal sources, the concordance principle maintains the continuity of quality notarial practice in Indonesia while enabling the country to remain in harmony with the demands of the international community in the areas of law and human rights.
CYBER NOTARY: SEBUAH ANALISIS TEMATIK DARI STUDI KASUS DI INGGRIS DAN SINGAPURA Abdillah, Satrio; Ghapa, Norhasliza; Makhtar, Maheran
Jurnal Hukum Ius Publicum Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Hukum Ius Publicum
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Doktor Husni Ingratubun Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55551/jip.v6i1.182

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan regulasi cyber notary di Inggris dan Singapura, dengan fokus pada regulasi yang diambil masing-masing negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan signifikan di antara kedua negara tersebut, termasuk tantangan utama yang dihadapi, efektivitas dalam praktek, serta implikasi dan rekomendasi untuk negara lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus komparatif antara Inggris dan Singapura untuk menganalisis implementasi cyber notary. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan tematik, dibantu alat analisis Nvivo 12 Plus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan regulasi cyber notary di Inggris dan Singapura mengungkapkan perbedaan signifikan dalam pendekatan dan prioritas masing-masing negara. Inggris menekankan pengakuan hukum penuh terhadap tanda tangan elektronik dan melakukan penyesuaian regulasi pasca-Brexit, sementara Singapura lebih fokus pada keamanan transaksi dan perlindungan data. Meskipun Inggris lebih fleksibel dan inovatif, tantangan keamanan data dan ketidakpastian hukum pasca-Brexit menjadi isu utama. Sementara itu, Singapura menghadapi kompleksitas regulasi dan kesenjangan adopsi teknologi di kalangan populasi tertentu. Implikasi untuk negara lain mencakup perlunya regulasi yang jelas untuk mendukung penggunaan dokumen digital, investasi dalam infrastruktur dan keamanan siber, serta peningkatan pendidikan digital. Pengalaman kedua negara dapat menjadi pedoman bagi negara-negara lain, termasuk Indonesia, untuk mengembangkan regulasi yang terintegrasi dan meningkatkan infrastruktur, sehingga Cyber Notary dapat berkontribusi pada sistem hukum digital yang modern dan aman.
Co-Authors Abd Ghadas, Zuhairah Ariff Che Rosli, Iyllyana Farhanin Abdullah Asuhaimi Ghouri, Ahmad Iyllyana Che Rosli Kamariah Musa, Murshamsul Makhtar, Maheran Noraida Harun Razak, Farihana Abdul Satrio Abdillah Wan Noor Fatihah Wan Kamarudin Zakariah, Asril Amirul