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KAJIAN USAHATANI KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN BERBASIS KAKAO DI KABUPATEN PACITAN, JAWA TIMUR Irianto, Bambang; Kartono, Gatot; , Harwanto; Rosmahani, Luki
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2005): November 2005
Publisher : Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

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Abstract

Cacao is one of the most potential estate crops to be developed since it could improve farmers’ income andsignificantly contribute to the national income. Besides, it could also contribute to solve employment problem muchbetter than other estate commodities such as rubber, coconut and palm do. An assessment on cacao farming systemhas been done in Pacitan, in 2003, to see the present status and role of cacao in farmers’ income structure and in estatecrops farming system in East Java as a whole. In addition to financial and other social-economic analysis, an LQanalysis was also carried out on the production data of several important estate crops in Pacitan, 2001 and 2002. Theresults showed that cacao farming system was commonly carried out in integrated fashion with other estate crops andhorticultural commodities. Financial analysis showed that, in general, estate crops farming system were economicallyfeasible to be developed especially in integrated way, while the LQ analysis showed that coconut was the mostimportant commodity in the area implying that development of cacao should be wisely integrated with development ofcoconut. The survey on the social and economic aspects showed that cacao as well as other estate crops is the mostimportant source of income for farmers. Some improvements are still necessary to increase farmers’ income andhence welfare through technological and social engineering such as empowerment of existing farmers institutions.Key words : theobroma cacao, farm income, estate crops, East JavaKakao merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki potensi pengembangan yang cukup tinggikarena selain mampu meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani dan memberikan sumbangan yang cukupberarti terhadap devisa negara juga bisa menyerap tenaga kerja yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan komoditasperkebunan lainnya seperti karet, kelapa dan kelapa sawit. Pengkajian yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Pacitan tahun2003 ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui status dan peranan usahatani kakao dalam struktur pendapatan petani dandalam subsektor perkebunan secara umum di Jawa Timur. Selain analisis finansial dan sosial ekonomi lainnya,analisis LQ juga dilakukan terhadap nilai rata-rata produksi komoditas perkebunan unggulan di Pacitan tahun 2001dan 2002. Hasil pengkajian memperlihatkan bahwa usahatani kakao dilakukan secara terpadu dengan komoditasperkebunan lainnya seperti kelapa, cengkeh dan kopi serta beberapa jenis tanaman hortikultura. Analisis finansialmemperlihatkan bahwa usahatani komoditas perkebunan umumnya layak untuk dikembangkan terutama biladilakukan secara terpadu. Pendapatan petani kakao yang berasal dari kegiatan usahatani ternyata lebih tinggidibandingkan yang berasal dari usaha di luar pertanian, sedangkan analisis LQ memperlihatkan bahwa komoditaskelapa mempunyai arti yang penting bagi perekonomian daerah sehingga pengembangan kakao harus diintegrasikandengan pengembangan kelapa. Hasil survai sosial ekonomi memperlihatkan bahwa komoditas kakao dan komoditasperkebunan lainnya merupakan sumber pendapatan penting bagi petani sehingga perlu dikembangkan melaluiperbaikan teknologi dan rekayasa sosial misalnya melalui pemberdayaan kelembagaan yang ada.Kata kunci : theobroma kakao, pendapatan usahatani, perkebunan, Jawa Timur
PENGARUH EKSTRAK LIMBAH DAUN TEMBAKAU MADURA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS MAKAN LARVA Spodoptera exigua -, Harwanto; Martono, Edhi; Trisyono, Andi; -, Wahyono
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 4, No 1 (2012): March 2012
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v4i1.2262

Abstract

Ekstrak tanaman untuk insektisida nabati tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas saja akan tetapi juga berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas makan serangga. Tujuan pengujian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstraklimbah daun tembakau madura terhadap aktivitas makan larva instar III Spodoptera exigua. Metode uji ada dua yakni pakan pilihan dan pakan tanpa pilihan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan 6 perlakuan konsentrasi dan 1 kontrol yang diulang 5 kali. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pemaparan ekstrak limbah daun tembakau dengan metode pakan pilihan: (1) berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot daun yang dikonsumsi pada semua konsentrasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol, (2) bersifat antifeedant terhadap larva S. exigua dengan indeks hambatan makan berkisar 17,51 – 38,12%, sedang ekstrak limbah daun tembakau pada uji pakan tanpa pilihan (3) berpengaruh nyata pada konsentrasi > 0,21% terhadap bobot daun yang dikonsumsi dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dan (4) bersifat antifeedant dengan indeks hambatan makan lebih tinggi (22,87 – 69,39%) daripada dengan pakan pilihan (17,51 – 32,12%). Plants extracts used for botanical insecticides do not only influence the mortality but also the feeding activity of insects. The aim of this test was to determine the activity of the extract of Madura tobacco leaf on the feeding activity of the third instar of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua. There were two test methods, choice and no-choice feeding tests. The design of each test was a completely randomized design (CRD), with six treatment concentrations and one control, replicated five times. The results showed that the exposure of tobacco leaf extracts with the choice feeding: (1) had significant effect on the leaf weight consumed at all concentration compared to the controls, (2) act as antifeedant against the larvae of S. exigua with the index of food consumption barrier ranging from 17.51 to 38.12%; while the extract of tobacco leaf on the no-choice feeding test: (3) had significantly effect on the weight of leaves consumed compared to the control on the concentrations of > 0.21%, and (4) was antifeedant with the index of food consumption barrier higher (22.87 to 69.39%) than the choice feeding (17.51 to 38.12%).
Pengaruh Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanni Ness ex BI.) Sebagai Sumber Sinamaldehid Terhadap Parameter Fermentasi dan Aktivitas Mikrobia Rumen Secara In Vitro Harwanto (Harwanto); Lies Mira Yusiati; Ristanto Utomo
Buletin Peternakan Vol 38, No 2 (2014): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 38 (2) JUNI 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v38i2.5008

Abstract

Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Fodder Hidroponik Millet (Panicum milliaceum) dengan Perbedaan Intensitas Cahaya dan Umur Panen Nur Hidayat, Anisa Ayu Rini,; Harwanto; Nur Hidayat
Jurnal Ilmu dan Industri Peternakan Vol 10 No 1 (2024): JUNI
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/jiip.v10i1.32725

Abstract

Hidroponic fodder is forage cultivation by using liquid medium which contain nutrients for growth. Plant growth is influenced by two factor, internal and external factors. Internal factors include genetic, growth hormon and age. External factors include light intensity and plant growth medium. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of light intensity and harvest age on the growth and production of fodder millet (Panicum milliaceum). The study used white millet seeds with proso millet varieties, and hydroponic media. The study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern (2x3). The first factor is light intensity (I) 50% and I 100%. The second factor is harvest age (U) 6, 9, and 12 days. Each treatment combination was replicated 4 times. The density of millet seeds in the media was 0.15 gram/cm² and planted for 12 days using the Deep Water Culture (DWC) hydroponic system. The significance value was tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The variables measured were leaf length, leaf amount, leaf width, root length, plant height, fresh production and dry matter production. The results showed that light intensity and harvest age had a significant effect (P<0.05) on fodder growth. The results show that light intensity can increase (P<0.05) fodder height from 4.51 cm (U6), 5.35 cm (U9) and 8.43 cm (U12) while at an intensity of 5.51 cm (I1) to I2 6.13 cm (I2) and fresh production from 9,48 kg/m2 (U6), 10,04 kg/m2 (U9) and 10,12 kg/m2 (U12) while the intensity of 10,07 kg/m2 (I1) becomes 9,69 kg/m2 (I2). The study concluded that light intensity 100% (13.933 lux) and harvest age 12 day could increase fodder millet growth.
How Educational Flipbooks and Learning Motivation Affect Early Reading Proficiency in First-Grade Kindergarteners Ermaliana Khoirunnisak; Achmad Noor Fatirul; Harwanto
Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan
Publisher : Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32585/jurnalkomdik.v8i2.5292

Abstract

Kindergarten provides early childhood education for children aged 0-6 years, aiming to develop their cognitive, social, and emotional skills through various educational approaches. This study examines the effect of using educational props, specifically flipbooks, and learning motivation on early reading skills in kindergarten children. A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design was employed. The study involved two groups of kindergarten students: the experimental group, which used flipbooks, and the control group, which followed a conventional learning model. The results indicated that using flipbooks significantly improved early reading skills compared to the conventional method. Additionally, learning motivation was found to have a significant effect on reading ability. The interaction between using flipbooks and learning motivation demonstrated that their combination significantly enhanced children's reading ability. This study concludes that employing flipbooks and fostering students' learning motivation can improve the early reading skills of kindergarten children. Therefore, integrating flipbook and emphasizing learning motivation can have a significant and positive impact on early reading comprehension skills in kindergarten students, both individually and synergistically.