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Digital technologies evolution in swiftlet farming: a systematic literature review Markom, Arni Munira; Yusof, Yusrina; Markom, Marni Azira; Haris, Hazlihan; Muhammad, Ahmad Razif
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp4456-4470

Abstract

The integration of cutting-edge technologies into swiftlet farming has greatly enhanced efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. The internet of things (IoT) provides farmers with up-to-date environmental data, enabling them to create and sustain ideal circumstances for swiftlets. Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances this process by analysing vast databases and providing farmers with well-informed choices to optimize yield. Biotechnology, by combining genetic selection and breeding programs, effectively connects with the IoT, enabling constant monitoring and control of the health and genetic traits of swiftlets. The integration of renewable energy technology seeks to diminish dependence on conventional energy sources, promoting sustainability. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature is examined the utilization of digital technology in the swiftlet farmhouse. The findings were classified into three main themes: smart monitoring and control systems, advanced bird detection techniques, and sustainable practices and innovative approaches, specifically in the manufacture of edible bird nest. This systematic literature review emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of swiftlet farming's technological evolution, technology developers, challenges and recommendations that farmers and the industry face in their pursuit of sustainable growth.
IoT-based real-time monitoring of river water quality: a case study of the Selangor River Ahmad Jafri, Nur Aqilah; Markom, Arni Munira; Yusof, Yusrina; Burham, Norhafizah; Markom, Marni Azira
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 39, No 3: September 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i3.pp1541-1552

Abstract

Monitoring river water quality is crucial for preserving freshwater ecosystems, ensuring public health, and supporting resource management. Traditional methods, while accurate, lack the scalability and real-time capabilities needed for proactive intervention. This study introduces an IoT based water quality monitoring system for the Selangor River, integrating sensors for pH, temperature, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) with a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller. To complement the IoT system, a handheld test pen was used to measure salinity and electrical conductivity (EC), offering additional insights into water quality. Field tests at four stations along the river revealed significant spatial variations. Station 1, near the river mouth, showed high salinity, EC, and TDS, indicating saltwater intrusion, with relatively low turbidity. Stations 2 and 3 recorded the highest turbidity levels, suggesting sedimentation and upstream activities, with moderate salinity and EC. Station 4, upstream, demonstrated stable freshwater characteristics, with low salinity, EC, and turbidity levels. The IoT system reliably monitored real-time parameters, and its measurements were validated against those from the handheld test pen. Minor discrepancies in TDS and temperature readings highlighted the importance of calibration.