Ramana, Febria
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MARSHALL-LERNER CONDITION PADA PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA – TIONGKOK Ramana, Febria
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 16 No 1 (2022): BILP
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v16i1.684

Abstract

Abstrak Satu dekade terakhir, neraca perdagangan Indonesia dengan partner dagang terbesarnya, Tiongkok, mengalami defisit yang makin meningkat. Salah satu opsi kebijakan yang banyak menjadi perhatian adalah kebijakan devaluasi atau depresiasi. Depresiasi dinilai dapat memberikan dampak baik bagi neraca perdagangan di negara berkembang, tetapi manfaat tersebut tidak berlaku untuk semua kasus. Beberapa literatur menyatakan suatu negara harus memenuhi prasyarat Marshall-Lerner Condition untuk menerima manfaat tersebut. BSCA dapat memengaruhi penggunaan rupiah dan yuan juga mendorong urgensi peninjauan ulang prasyarat tersebut pada perdagangan bilateral Indonesia dan Tiongkok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah Indonesia dapat menerima manfaat saat terjadinya depresiasi rupiah terhadap yuan dengan terpenuhinya Marshall-Lerner Condition. Penelitian ini menggunakan Impulse Response Function dengan metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi tersebut. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa prasyarat Marshall-Lerner Condition terpenuhi, tetapi ternyata kondisi tersebut tidak cukup menjamin untuk memperbaiki neraca perdagangan ketika rupiah terdepresiasi. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus berhati-hati saat terdepresiasinya rupiah terhadap yuan. Pemerintah perlu memperbaiki struktur ekspor-impor dengan memperkuat diversifikasi produk dan kebijakan substitusi impor. Sementara itu, dalam jangka panjang, manajemen risiko yang lebih komprehensif terhadap volatilitas yuan perlu diperhatikan. Kata Kunci: Marshall-Lerner Condition, Bilateral Swap Currency Arrangement, Defisit, Neraca Perdagangan, Kurs Abstract In the last decade, Indonesia's trade balance with its largest trading partner, China, has experienced an increasing deficit. One of the policy alternatives that has received policymakers’ attention is currency devaluation or depreciation. Depreciation is considered to have a good impact on the trade balance for developing countries, but this benefit does not apply to all cases. Some literature state that a country must meet the Marshall-Lerner Condition to receive these benefits. BSCA will affect the use of the rupiah and the yuan, which lead to the urgency of reexamining this prerequisite for bilateral trade between Indonesia and China. This study aims to identify whether Indonesia can receive benefits when the rupiah depreciates against the yuan by fulfilling the Marshall-Lerner condition. This study uses the Impulse Response Function as a tool in the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method to identify the condition. The results estimate that the Marshall-Lerner Condition is fulfilled, but this condition is not enough to ensure trade balance improvement as the rupiah depreciates. Therefore, the government must be careful when the rupiah depreciates against the yuan. The government needs to improve the export-import structure by strengthening export product diversification and import substitution policies. Meanwhile, in the long term, more comprehensive risk management of yuan volatility needs to be considered. Keywords: Marshall-Lerner Condition, Bilateral Swap Currency Arrangement, Deficit, Trade Balance, Exchange Rate JEL Classification: F13, F14, F31
Apakah Global Value Chain (GVC) Memengaruhi Permintaan Tenaga Kerja? Studi Empiris dari Industri Manufaktur Indonesia Tahun 2010–2015 Ramana, Febria; Damayanti, Arie
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024): BILP
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/bilp.2024.792

Abstract

Participation in the Global Value Chain (GVC) encourages domestic industry development and increases productivity, expanding labour demand. However, theoretically, a firm’s participation in GVC can increase the labour demand through the scale effect and reduce the labour demand due to the substitution effect. This issue is relevant in Indonesia because the extent of GVC participation among firms in the manufacturing sector is still low. This study examines the correlation of GVC participation in the manufacturing subsector to labour demand. This study uses Asian Development Bank (ADB) calculations that divide manufacturing subsector GVC participation into three types, namely Pure Forward Participation (PFP), Two-Sided Participation (TSP), and Pure Backward Participation (PBP). The data used is panel data from 2010-2015, the Large and Medium Industry Survey conducted by Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and analysed using a linear dynamic model. The analysis found that in the short term, (i) PFP is positively correlated, (ii) TSP tends to be negatively correlated but not significant, and (iii) PBP is positively correlated but not significant. All three types of participation significantly affect labour demand in the long run. Therefore, manufacturing industry linkages in PFP and PBP must be improved to increase labour absorption in the manufacturing sector.