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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Perkebunan
Nurhermawati, Renica
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science Social Sciences

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SELF INCOMPATIBILITY PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Nurhermawati, Renica; Supena, Nanang; Arif, Mohamad
Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian dan Perkebunan Vol 13 No 2 (2024): Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian da
Publisher : Jurusan Budidaya Tanaman Perkebunan, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51978/agro.v13i2.824

Abstract

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism which prevents self-pollination and encourages plant cross-pollination, but the mechanism has not been studied on oil palm. The article examines possibilities of SI mechanisms on oil palm which cause pollination failure. References which were published nationally (S2-S3) and internationally (Q1-Q4) were utilized. In general, plants have two types of SI: heteromorphic self-incompatibility (HetSI) and homomorphic self-incompatibility (HomSI). HetSI is caused by plants having morphologically different flower types, while HomSI occurs when plants have morphologically similar flowers. However, an SI mechanism is still regulated at the genetic level. Homomorphic SI can also be divided into two types based on the genetic determinants of pollen incompatibility: Gametophytic Self Incompatibility (GSI) and Sporophytic Self Incompatibility (SSI). In GSI, the SI mechanism is controlled by the genotype of the pollen itself, which is haploid, while in SSI, it is determined by the genotype of the plant tissue (sporophyte) that produces the pollen and is diploid. The S-locus regulates both types of SI with different mechanisms. In seedless oil palm plants, S-RNAse was found to play a role in the degradation of pollen tubes, SRK (S-receptor kinase), and SLG (S-locus glycoprotein), which are genes that regulate the HomSI mechanism in several plants. The presence of S-RNAse and genes in the S-locus raises the possibility of an SI mechanism in oil palms that produce seedless fruit. In addition, a mechanism of stenospermy and endosperm tissue abnormalities is thought to produce fruit with sterile seeds (without embryos) in oil palms. However, it is still being determined whether both are part of the SI response or not. So, further studies are needed to confirm this and give the new perspectives
Pengukuran Kadar Air Benih Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis L. Jacq) yang Lebih Efektif dan Efisien Nurhermawati, Renica; Ivanka, Nabhila; Arif, Mohamad
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 32 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v32i3.257

Abstract

Metode gravimetri oven dalam penentuan kadar air (KA) benih kelapa sawit membutuhkan waktu yang lama (48 jam pemanasan) dan bersifat destruktif menyebabkan benih uji tidak dapat dimanfaatkan, sehingga menentukan waktu pengovenan pada metode gravimetri dan penggunaan alat pengukur KA yang lebih praktis menjadi suatu kebutuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari waktu yang efektif untuk penetapan KA dengan metode gravimetri oven dan mencari metode yang lebih praktis sebagai alternatif gravimetri oven. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Unit Marihat, Sumatera Utara pada Mei 2023 dengan menggunakan benih kelapa sawit varietas DxP PPKS 540. Perancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktor tunggal dengan 14 taraf (GMM P1 – P8, MT P10, MT P13, MT P14, MT P19, gravimetri oven dengan benih pecah dan gravimetri oven dengan benih utuh sebagai kontrol) masing-masing diulang 6 kali. Hasil percobaan memperlihatkan bahwa waktu yang efisien untuk penetapan KA benih kelapa sawit dengan metode gravimetri adalah 22 jam, jauh lebih cepat dibanding 48 jam yang biasanya diterapkan oleh produsen benih kelapa sawit. Selain itu, MT P10 dan MT P19 berpotensi untuk menjadi alternatif dalam pengukuran KA secara cepat dan praktis. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk meningkatkan kuantitas pengukuran yang lebih banyak pada berbagai tingkat KA benih agar menghasilkan model pengukuran KA benih dengan menggunakan moisture tester (MT) untuk menggantikan gravimetri oven yang memerlukan waktu lebih lama.
Co-Authors Arif, Mohamad Ivanka, Nabhila Supena, Nanang