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All Journal Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset
Muhammad, Aminu
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology

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Characterization and tyrosinase activities of a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol from Bauhinia rufescens Lam Muhammad, Aminu; Idris, Musa Maikudi; Ali, Umar; Umar, Abdulganiyu; Sirat, Hasnah Mohd
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2023.11.2.6284

Abstract

Background: Phytosterols are steroid compounds present in plants that are similar to cholesterol in structure and functions. In this work, stem bark of Bauhinia rufescens was extracted with petroleum ether. Objective: This work aims to determine anti-tyrosinase activities of a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol from the stem bark B, rufescens for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Methods: This work is presenting isolation, characterization and anti-tyrosinase activities of a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol from the stem bark B. rufescens. The extract was subjected to chromatographic techniques to afford a phytosterol identified as a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol based on GC-MS, IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR data. Results: The phytosterol isolated showed inhibition of tyrosinase activity at 57.1%±0.03 as compared to kojic acid with 85.0% ± 0.01 (sample concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL). Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that, the mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol has potential to be developed as tyrosinase inhibitors for the treatment of dermatological disorders.
Mathematical Modelling of Kidnapping Activities Tasiu, A. R.; O, Kabir; Muhammad, Aminu; Ayu, M. S.; Ishaq, M. M.
Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjms.v4i2.8764

Abstract

Kidnapping has become one of the most severe security challenges in Nigeria, particularly in the northern regions, where it has evolved into a profitable criminal enterprise. This study develops a mathematical model to analyze the dynamics and control of kidnapping activities. The population is classified into five compartments: susceptible individuals, exposed individuals, informants, kidnappers, and repentant kidnappers. The model describes the transition of individuals from vulnerability to involvement as informants or kidnappers, as well as the possibility of repentance through rehabilitation. A basic reproduction number, (R_0), is derived to determine whether kidnapping activities will persist or decline. The analysis indicates that kidnapping can be eliminated when (R_0 < 1), whereas (R_0 > 1) implies its continued persistence. Numerical simulations further show that increasing the rehabilitation rate of kidnappers promotes repentance, while strengthening intelligence gathering through informants and reducing recruitment into kidnapping significantly suppress the expansion of this criminal activity. The study concludes that the proposed model provides useful quantitative insight into the mechanisms driving kidnapping and offers practical implications for policy interventions aimed at reducing kidnapping in Nigeria.
Antioxidant Activities and FT-IR of Azanza garckeana Leaves Extracts Magaji, Peace Asaph; Muhammad, Aminu; Shadrach, Philip
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3486

Abstract

The objective of this study is to eval_uate the antioxidant activities of three extracts of Azanza garckeana leaves. Azanza garckeana fruits, seeds and roots have been reported to cure cough, liver disorders, abscess, diabetes, infertility and mental sickness. Natural antioxidants found in plants help to reduce oxidative stress in the body that lead to variety of health issues, including heart disease, diabetes, muscular degeneration, and cancer. The antioxidant activities of Azanza garckeana leaves extracts were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) Methods. Azanza garckeana leaves were extracted with three solvents of increasing polarity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and their antioxidant properties were tested. DPPH results showed that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts have excellent antioxidant activities when compared with the standard oxalic acid. Methanol has the highest antioxidant activity, followed by ethyl acetate and then n-hexane extract with IC50 values of 1.17µg/ml, 2.23µg/ml and 17.83µg/ml, respectively. Ferric reducing antioxidant power also indicated that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have higher reducing power than n-hexane extract when compared with ascorbic acid (AA). This may be as a result of higher concentrations of flavonoid and phenol in the extracts. The leaves extracts of Azanza garckeana contains potent antioxidant agents supporting its folkloric uses in the treatment of diseases.
Antioxidant Activities and FT-IR of Azanza garckeana Leaves Extracts Magaji, Peace Asaph; Muhammad, Aminu; Shadrach, Philip
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3486

Abstract

The objective of this study is to eval_uate the antioxidant activities of three extracts of Azanza garckeana leaves. Azanza garckeana fruits, seeds and roots have been reported to cure cough, liver disorders, abscess, diabetes, infertility and mental sickness. Natural antioxidants found in plants help to reduce oxidative stress in the body that lead to variety of health issues, including heart disease, diabetes, muscular degeneration, and cancer. The antioxidant activities of Azanza garckeana leaves extracts were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) Methods. Azanza garckeana leaves were extracted with three solvents of increasing polarity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and their antioxidant properties were tested. DPPH results showed that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts have excellent antioxidant activities when compared with the standard oxalic acid. Methanol has the highest antioxidant activity, followed by ethyl acetate and then n-hexane extract with IC50 values of 1.17µg/ml, 2.23µg/ml and 17.83µg/ml, respectively. Ferric reducing antioxidant power also indicated that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have higher reducing power than n-hexane extract when compared with ascorbic acid (AA). This may be as a result of higher concentrations of flavonoid and phenol in the extracts. The leaves extracts of Azanza garckeana contains potent antioxidant agents supporting its folkloric uses in the treatment of diseases.
Co-Authors Ali, Umar Ayu, M. S. Idris, Musa Maikudi Ishaq, M. M. Magaji, Peace Asaph O, Kabir Shadrach, Philip Sirat, Hasnah Mohd Tasiu, A. R. Umar, Abdulganiyu