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S.L. Angka
Bogor Agricultural University, Department of Aquaculture
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Prospect use of Phaleria macrocarpa to prevent motile aeromonad septicaemia disease in Patin Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Wahjuningrum, D.; Angka, S.L.; Lesmanawati, W.; Sa’diyah, .; Yuhana, M.
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 1 (2007): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (221.545 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.6.109-117

Abstract

Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) disease is one of bacterial disease frequently infecting freshwater fishes including patin catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.  This study was performed to determine antimicrobial of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) and its potency against MAS disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila.  The in vitro susceptibility test was performed by pour plate methods at the dosages of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/l PM. At the in vivo test, fish were fed with the addition of PM into the diet at a dosage of 6, 12, and 18 g/l and 0 g/l as a control for 8 days. At ninth day, fish were infected with A.hydrophila. For seven days after infection the clinical signs and blood pictures were observed. The in vitro test indicated that PM had an antibacterial effect to A.hydrophila at the dosage of 6 g/l. Addition of PM in the diet for 8 days increased haemoglobine. The results showed that lowest clinical sign and smallest number of in fected fish was found at dosage of 12 g/l PM. PM can be used as a preventive method for MAS. Keywords:  Phaleria macrocarpa, antibacterial, "patin", MAS disease, Aeromonas hydrophila   Abstrak Penyakit MAS (Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia) merupakan penyakit bakterial yang banyak menyerang ikan-ikan air tawar termasuk patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan antibakteri dari mahkota dewa (MD) Phaleria macrocarpa terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila penyebab penyakit MAS dan potensinya dalam pencegahan penyakit ini.  Pada uji in vitro dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri MD terhadap A. hydrophila dengan metode hitungan cawan pada dosis MD 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 g/l. Pada uji in vivo, ikan uji diberi pakan yang dicampur MD dengan dosis berbeda yaitu 0 g/l (kontrol +), 6, 12, dan 18 g/l, selama 8 hari. Pada hari kesembilan ikan disuntik dengan A. hydrophila dan pengamatan dilanjutkan selama 7 hari, meliputi pengamatan gejala klinis dan gambaran darah.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MD bersifat antibakteri terhadap A. hydrophila dengan dosis efektif 6 g/l. Pemberian MD selama 8 hari dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, jumlah lekosit, serta meningkatkan kemampuan fagositik darah. Dosis MD sebesar 12 g/l menunjukkan hasil paling baik yang ditunjang oleh gejala klinis paling ringan (sampai tahap nekrosis), dengan jumlah ikan yang terinfeksi paling sedikit (45%) dan waktu penyembuhan paling cepat (hari ke 6). Dengan demikian, MD dapat digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit MAS. Kata kunci:  mahkota dewa, antibakterial, ikan patin, penyakit MAS, Aeromonas hydrophila
Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata, Psidium guajava and Piper betle as Prevention on Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia Infection in African Catfish (Clarias sp.) Wahjuningrum, D.; Tarono, .; Angka, S.L.
Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Scientific Aquaculture (ISSA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (131.563 KB) | DOI: 10.19027/jai.6.127-133

Abstract

An effort to prevent Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) disease in African catfish (Clarias sp.) performed using antibiotic was less safety and expensive ways.  An herbal medicine may be able to be a safety and cheap way to prevent of the MAS disease.  This study was conducted to determine efficacy of herbal medicine combination of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), daun jambu (Psidium guajava) and daun sirih (Piper betle). Herbal medicines were mixed to diet and fish were fed on the diet containing the herbal medicine for 7 days of rearing.  The dosage of herbal medicine per 100 gram of diet was PI (1.0 g sambiloto, 0.75 g daun jambu and 0.25 g daun sirih), PII (1.0 g sambiloto,  0.50 g daun jambu,  0.50 g daun sirih), and PIII (1.0 g sambiloto, 0.25 g daun jambu, and 0.75 g daun sirih).  On 8th day, fish were injected intramuscularly with 1 ml of Aeromonas hydrophila (105 cfu/ml) every 1 kg of fish.  Clinical symptom, feed response, fish weight, number of fish survive and visually changing of internal organs.  The results of study indicated that administration of herbal medicine A. paniculata, P. guajava and P. betle mixed into the diet effectively prevented A. hydrophila infection.  Combination of 1.0 gram A. paniculata, 0.75 gram P. guajava and 0.25 gram P. betle gave higher efficacy against A. hydrophila infection. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Psidium guajava, Piper betle, Motile Aeromonad septicaemia, African catfish   ABSTRAK Upaya penanggulangan penyakit MAS (Motil Aeromonad Septicaemia) pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp.) yang dilakukan menggunakan antibiotik cenderung kurang aman dan mahal. Pencegahan menggunakan obat herbal diharapkan dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut secara aman dan murah.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas obat herbal kombinasi sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) dan sirih (Piper betle) dengan dosis berbeda yang diberikan melalui pakan selama 7 hari.  Perlakuan dosis obat herbal per 100 gram pakan adalah PI (1,0 g sambiloto, 0,75 g daun jambu dan 0,25 g daun sirih), PII (1,0 g sambiloto,  0,50 g daun jambu,  0,50 g daun sirih), dan PIII (1,0 g sambiloto, 0,25 g daun jambu, 0,75 g dan daun sirih.  Pada hari ke-8 pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan penyuntikan secara intramuskular dengan Aeromonas hydrophila dengan konsentrasi 105 cfu/ml sebanyak 1 ml/kg bobot ikan.  Ikan uji diamati selama 7 hari yang meliputi gejala klinis, respon pakan, bobot ikan uji, jumlah ikan hidup dan perubahan visual organ dalam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian obat herbal sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) dan sirih (Piper betle) melalui pakan terbukti efektif untuk mencegah serangan A. hydrophila.  Kombinasi 1,0 gram sambiloto, 0,75 gram daun jambu biji dan 0,25 gram daun sirih dalam setiap 100 gram pakan menghasilkan efek pencegahan yang paling efektif. Kata kunci: Ikan lele, sambiloto, jambu biji, sirih, Motil Aeromonad Septicaemia dan lele dumbo
Co-Authors . Tarono D. Wahjuningrum M. Yuhana Sa’diyah, . W. Lesmanawati