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Irianti, Nova Tri
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Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Berbasis Selulosa Nitrat Sekam Padi dengan Penambahan Kitosan dan Sorbitol sebagai Plasticizer Asriani Hayatun; Maarebia, Rosalinda Zeniona; Irianti, Nova Tri; Mariyam, Dewi
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.19.1.2026.68044

Abstract

ABSTRAK Selulosa nitrat disintesis menggunakan selulosa hasil ekstraksi sebagai bahan baku melalui proses nitrasi menggunakan variasi perbandingan asam penitrasi. Selulosa nitrat yang dihasilkan berbentuk bubuk berwarna putih kekuningan dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya puncak utama pada bilangan gelombang 1286 cm⁻¹ yang mengindikasikan keberadaan gugus nitrat (–NO), didukung oleh munculnya puncak serapan pada daerah 854,47 cm⁻¹ dan 752,24 cm⁻¹. Selulosa nitrat hasil sintesis selanjutnya digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan bioplastik dan dikombinasikan dengan komponen pendukung untuk memperoleh karakteristik material yang optimal. Produk bioplastik yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi serta diuji sifat mekaniknya untuk menentukan formulasi terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan asam penitrasi optimum dalam sintesis selulosa nitrat diperoleh pada rasio 7:3 (v/v) dengan kadar selulosa nitrat sebesar 67,5% dan kadar nitrat 4,17%. Bioplastik terbaik juga diperoleh pada perbandingan asam penitrasi 5:5 (v/v) dengan nilai kekuatan tarik sebesar 8,1268 MPa dan elongasi 8,8%. Selain itu, bioplastik yang dihasilkan mampu terdegradasi dalam waktu 21 hari dengan persentase kehilangan massa sebesar 21,02%, laju degradasi 0,0019 g/hari, serta estimasi waktu degradasi lengkap selama 100 hari. ABSTRACT Nitrate cellulose was synthesized using extracted cellulose as the raw material through a nitration process with various nitrating acid ratios. The synthesized nitrate cellulose was obtained in the form of a yellowish-white powder and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR results revealed a major absorption peak at a wavenumber of 1286 cm⁻¹, indicating the presence of the nitrate functional group (–NO), supported by the appearance of absorption peaks at 854.47 cm⁻¹ and 752.24 cm⁻¹. The synthesized nitrate cellulose was subsequently utilized as a raw material for bioplastic production and combined with supporting components to obtain optimal material characteristics. The resulting bioplastic products were characterized and mechanically tested to determine the best formulation. The findings demonstrated that the optimum nitrating acid ratio for nitrate cellulose synthesis was 7:3 (v/v), resulting in a nitrate cellulose content of 67.5% and a nitrate content of 4.17%. The best bioplastic properties were also obtained at a nitrating acid ratio of 5:5 (v/v), with a tensile strength of 8.1268 MPa and an elongation of 8.8%. Furthermore, the resulting bioplastic was capable of degrading within 21 days, exhibiting a mass loss percentage of 21.02%, a degradation rate of 0.0019 g/day, and an estimated complete degradation time of 100 days.