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All Journal International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Jurnal SPEKTRUM JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Journal of Social Research International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Wayan Gede Ariastina
Jurusan Teknik Elektro dan Komputer Fakultas Teknik Universitas Udayana
Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Social Sciences

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Journal : International Journal of Renewable Energy Development

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Development of hybrid COA-WCA multi-objective optimization of microgrid hybrid renewable energy system: A case study of Nusa Penida Sugirianta, Ida Bagus Ketut; Giriantari, Ida Ayu Dwi; Ariastina, Wayan Gede; Swamardika, Ida Bagus Alit
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62158

Abstract

This study proposes a hybrid metaheuristic that combines the Coyote Optimization Algorithm (COA) and the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) to improve multi-objective optimization of a hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HRES) for Nusa Penida Island. Such islanded systems must balance investment cost, operational reliability, and renewable curtailment while facing stochastic weather and demand. The optimization therefore targets simultaneous minimization of cost of energy (COE), loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and dummy load (DL) as key indicators of affordability, adequacy, and energy-utilization efficiency. A sequential Hybrid COA–WCA framework is implemented using an annual time-series of electrical demand and local renewable-resource profiles. Candidate solutions encode the main HRES components, including photovoltaic generation, wind generation, battery storage, and conventional backup biodiesel generation, while respecting practical operating limits. Multi-objective optimization is handled using a weighted-sum formulation, subject to standard power-balance, component-operating, and reliability constraints. The proposed approach is benchmarked against standalone COA, WCA, and WOA under multiple uncertainty scenarios that perturb techno-economic parameters and resource–load conditions. The Hybrid COA–WCA achieved the lowest mean objective value (mean f = 0.87274; min = 0.82136; max = 0.92409) and the best final-iteration mean of 0.87258 compared with COA (0.87303), WCA (0.87367), and WOA (0.87756). The optimized design delivered COE = 1.388, LPSP = 0.03180, and DL = 6,609.025 on average across scenarios. Robustness analysis also indicates faster stabilization and the smallest end-of-run fluctuation range (0.82136–0.92409), confirming improved convergence stability relative to the benchmark algorithms. Overall, the Hybrid COA–WCA provides a stable and competitive optimization approach for HRES sizing under uncertainty, yielding consistently high-quality solutions that support planning and decision-making for island microgrids.
Co-Authors Dwi Giriantari , Ida Ayu I N Satya Kumara I Nyoman Setiawan I Wayan Sukerayasa Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari Ida Bagus A. Swamardika Junantara, I Ketut Adi M.T. S.T. I Wayan Sutaya . Partogi Manalu, Eli Musa Reja Purna Suartawan, Gede Purnawati, Ita Ayu Sugirianta, Ida Bagus Ketut Widiandika Putra, I Wayan Dicky Wira Dharma, Gede Agus