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The Influence of PEG400 and Acetone on Polysulfone Membrane Morphology and Fouling Behaviour Aryanti, P.T.P.; Joscarita, Shelli R.; Wardani, Anita K.; Subagjo, S.; Ariono, Danu; Wenten, I Gede
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 48, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Modification of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane was conducted by blending polysulfone with PEG400 and acetone as additives. The influence of each additive on the resulted membrane morphology and fouling characteristics were investigated. The experimental results showed that the hydrophilicity of the polysulfone membrane was improved by the increase of PEG400 in the polysulfone membrane. The water contact angle of the membrane was decreased from 76.1Â° to 38.31Â° when 35 %wt of PEG400 was added into the polysulfone solution, while the water content of the membrane was increased by around 38%. The high concentration of PEG400 in the polysulfone solution led to the formation of longer finger-like cavities in the membrane structure and resulted in a thicker membrane skin layer. The high concentration of PEG400 also contributed to the increase in hydraulic resistance of the membrane due to organic matter fouling. This problem could be minimized by the addition of acetone into the polysulfone solution, which resulted in a lower fouling resistance of organic matter during up to five hours of peat water filtration.

Brine Effluents: Characteristics, Environmental Impacts, and Their Handling Ariono, Danu; Purwasasmita, Mubiar; Wenten, I Gede
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 48, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Brine discharge is one of the largest sources of wastewater from industrial processes. Because of the environmental impacts arising from improper treatment of brine discharge and more rigorous regulations of pollution control, industries have started to focus on waste minimization and improving the process of wastewater treatment. Several approaches have been proposed to provide a strategy for brine handling by recovering both brine and water or to remove pollutant components so it complies with environmental regulations when discharged. One of the most promising alternatives to brine disposal is reusing the brine, which results in reduction of pollution, minimizing waste volume and salt recovery. The brine may also contain valuable components that could be recovered for profitable use. Also, water recovery from brine effluent is generally performed to save water. In the case of rejected brine from desalination plants, water recovery from higher brine concentrations has huge potential for salt production. This paper gives an overview of different types of brine effluents, their sources and characteristics. Also discussed are impacts of brine on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.

Analysis of Protein Separation Mechanism in Charged Ultrafiltration Membrane Ariono, Danu; Aryanti, Putu Teta P.; Wardani, Anita Kusuma; Wenten, I Gede
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 50, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

The separation mechanism of proteins on a charged ultrafiltration membrane was analyzed using the extended NernstâPlanck (N-P) model. The model was solved numerically based on experimental data during ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin/BSA and hemoglobin at various pH (between 5 and 8) to obtain the flux parameter (Jv). The flux parameter was used to determine the effective charge of the membrane (f) and the actual membrane porosity (Ak). These two parameters were then used to predict the transport mechanism of proteins through the charged membrane. Higher flux was obtained during the ultrafiltration of BSA compared to hemoglobin. The most effective separation of mixed proteins occurred at pH 5 (aalbumin= 5). In addition, the mobility of a single protein was lower than when it was mixed with other proteins that had different charges. The effective charges of the membranes were varied between 0.99996 to 1.0000, which means that the fixed charge on the membrane structure was higher than the concentration of proteins, thus the effective charge of the membrane was not influenced by the presence of protein charge at various pH. On the contrary, the value of Ak was influenced by the type and charge of the proteins. A decrease of negative charge along with an increase of solution pH increased the porosity of the membrane, thus reducing the rejection of proteins.

Sifat reologi larutan tapioka Danu Ariono; Lestri Fajrinia; Ria Julyana; M Manullang
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.2

Rheological properties of tapioca solutionThe special characteristic of tapioca starch is raising the water absorption index (WAI) which causing the value of tapioca starch's viscosity varying. Changing of viscosity is discussed in rheology. Knowledge about rheology of tapioca starch is crucial for process and utility design. The objectives of this research are to determine the correlation of tapioca starch viscosity with the changes of temperature and tapioca starch concentration and also to model the rheology of tapioca starch. Research will be conducted by hydrolyzing tapioca starch by a-amylase. The experimental variables are tapioca starch concentration (20, 30 and 40%-wt) and operation temperature (55,70 and 900°C). Tapioca starch viscosity is measured by Brookfield Viscometer model RV Fserial 76452. From there search results we can conclude that viscosity of tapioca starch will increase by decreasing temperature and also viscosity of tapioca starch will increase by increasing tapioca starch concentration. For the same condition, viscosity of unmodified tapioca starch is higher than modified one. Modified tapioca starch is pseudo-plastic fluid with 9.000-460.000 cP of viscosity while unmodified one is Bingham fluid with 40-240cP of viscosity.Keywords : Rheology, tapioca starch, viscosity AbstrakSalah satu karakteristik pati tapioka adalah peningkatan kemampuan dalam menyerap air yang menyebabkan nilai viskositas larutan tapioca turut berubah. Perubahan nilai viskositas ini dibahas dalam ilmu reologi. Pengetahuan mengenai sifat reologi pasta tapioka ini sangat diperlukan dalam perancangan proses maupun sistem utilitas pabrik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara nilai viskositas larutan tapioca terhadap perubahan temperatur dan konsentrasi pati serta memodelkan perilaku reologis dari larutan tapioka. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghidrolisis pati tapioka menggunakan katalis enzim a-amylase. Variasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi pati tapioca dalam umpan sebesar 20, 30 dan 40%-b, serta temperatur operasi sebesar 55, 70 dan 90 (ºC) Pengukuran nilai viskositas larutan pati tapioka dilakukan dengan menggunakan Brookfield Viscometer model RVF serial 76452. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa nilai viskositas larutan tapioka akan meningkat seiring dengan menurunnya temperatur larutan, dan meningkatnya konsentrasi pati tapioka. Pada setiap variasi, nilai viskositas larutan tapioka tak termodifikasi lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan viskositas larutan tapioka termodifikasi. Larutan tapioka termodifikasi bersifat sebagai fluida pseudoplastic dengan rentang nilai viskositas antara 9.000-460.000 cP, sedangkan larutan tapioka termodifikasi bersifat sebagai fluida Bingham dengan nilai viskositas antara 40-240 cP.Kata Kunci: reologi; pati tapioka; viskositas

Distilasi reaktif metanol-asam asetat-metil asetat-air Cheryl Raditya; Widya Wahyuni; Danu Ariono
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 7, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2008.7.2.7

In chemical industry, efficiency of the production unit becomes an important factor. Reaction and separation can be done simultaneously in reactive distillation column. This method is used in esterification of acetic acid with methanol to produce methyl acetate and water. The purpose of this research is to study the separation processes through distillation for reactive components by identifying feed composition effects on degree of separation. This research is done by varying methanol and acetic acid in feed composition in batch distillation with total reflux condition. The feed compositions used during this research is 50%/50%, 75%/25%, 33%/67% and 67%/33%-volume methanol/acetic acid. Through this research, feed composition with 67%-volume methanol/33%-volume acetic acid is the best composition for acetic acid-methanol-methyl acetate-water system in reactive distillation. Feed composition affects top and bottom temperature of the column and distillate composition. Top and bottom temperature of the column gets lower if there is lighter component in feed composition. But too many light components in feed composition will decrease separation degree in reactive distillation column because light component will be drawn to distillate. Key words: reactive distillation, esterification, methyl acetate AbstrakPenggunaan unit produksi yang efektif telah menjadi faktor yang sangat diperhatikan dalam dunia industri. Dalam industri berbasis teknik kimia, reaksi dan pemisahan dapat dilakukan bersamaan dalam satu alat, dengan distilasi reaktif. Metode ini digunakan dalam proses esterifikasi asam asetat dan metanal menghasilkan metil asetat dan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses pemisahan dengan cara distilasi untuk komponenkomponen yang bereaksi dengan mengidentifikasi pengaruh komposisi umpan dalam kolom distilasi. Percobaan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan komposisi umpan metanal dan asam asetat dalam sistem distilasi batch dengan kondisi refluks total. Pada percobaan menggunakan empat variasi komposisi umpan, yaitu campuran 50% /50%, 75%/25%, 33%/67% dan 67%/33%-volume metanol/asam asetat. Dari percobaan, diperoleh komposisi umpan yang paling tepat untuk sistem asam asetatmetanol-metil asetat-air dalam kolom distilasi reaktif adalah 67%/33%-volume metanol/asam asetat. Komposisi umpan mempengaruhi temperatur bagian alas dan bagian bawah kolom serta komposisi distilat. Makin banyak komponen ringan dalam umpan, makin rendah temperatur bagian atas dan bagian bawah kolom. Akan tetapi, komposisi reaktan ringan yang terlalu banyak di dalam umpan akan menurunkan derajat pemisahan produk dalam kolom distilasi reaktif karena komponen ringan akan terbawa dalam produk distilat.Kata Kunci: distilasi reaktif, esterifikasi, metil asetat

Dinamika tetes ekstraksi cair-cair sistem air-metil etil keton (mek)-heksan dalam kolom isian Agus Mirwan; Danu Ariono
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 9, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2010.9.3.4

Mass transfer process occurs as effect of contact between continuous phase from above and dispersed phase from underside column. With existence of size and type of packing in column, that caused interfacial area to become bigger and residence time more and older so that improvement of mass transfer process. The aim of this research is to observe drop dynamics or movement behavior of drop in which the drop diameter size grouped based on current regime deputizing with Reynolds Number (Re) and to study mass transfer liquid-liquid extraction in packed column based on drop diameter size influenced by flow rate and packing type. Observation of drop behavior is done by using length square column transparent so that visually drop dynamics can be observed and recorded at every segment of column height using digital camera. This research will be done by varying packing type and flow rate of the dispersed phase and continuous phase to know behavior of drop. The research will be done by using water–MEK (methyl ethyl ketone)–n-hexane system. The result of this research for packing type of sphere and raschig ring show that more and more big dispersed phase flow rate and height from under side column (distributor), hence drop is more and more small with number of which more and more many. This caused significant increase on overall mass transfer coefficient.Keywords: drop distribution, sphere, raschig ring, drop diameter Abstrak Proses perpindahan massa ekstraksi cair-cair dalam kolom isian terjadi akibat adanya kontak antara fase kontinu dan fase dispersi yang dialirkan secara berlawanan. Berbagai macam ukuran dan jenis isian yang digunakan dalam kolom, menyebabkan luas permukaan kontak menjadi lebih besar dan waktu kontak makin lama sehingga terjadi peningkatan proses perpindahan massa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati dinamika pergerakan tetesan dengan cara mengelompokkan ukuran diameter tetesan berdasarkan pada rezim aliran yang diwakilkan dengan Bilangan Reynold (Re) dan mempelajari perpindahan massa pada ekstrasi cair-cair dalam kolom isian yang didasarkan ukuran diameter tetesan yang dipengaruhi laju alir dan jenis isian. Pengamatan perilaku tetesan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kolom persegi panjang yang transparan sehingga secara visual dinamikanya dapat diamati dan direkam pada tiap segmen ketinggian kolom menggunakan kamera digital. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem air-MEK (metil etil keton)-n-heksan. Hasil penelitian untuk jenis isian bola padat dan raschig ring menunjukkan bahwa makin besar laju alir fase dispersi dan ketinggian dari bagian bawah (distributor), maka tetesannya makin kecil dengan jumlah yang makin banyak. Hal ini menyebabkan kenaikan yang signifikan terhadap koefisien perpindahan massa keseluruhan.Kata kunci: distribusi tetesan, bola, raschig ring, diameter tetesan.

Dinamika tetes dalam kolom isian Danu Ariono; Dwiwahju Sasongko; Priyono Kusumo
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 7, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2008.7.1.1

To date, evaluation of the performance of liquid-liquid extraction in packed columns has not been able to produce satisfactory results, because the correlations used in this evaluation are empirical in nature, with a very limited range of validity. One of the causes of this limitation is the use of the assumption that the dynamics of liquid dispersed in droplets is constant (in terms of shape, dimensions, and numbers), so that the mass transfer interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient in the column are assumed to be constant. In reality, dynamics of droplets in a column is not constant, due to the imbalance between droplet coalescence and disintegration. For a given droplet diameter, there is an increase in numbers of droplets due to coalescence of smaller droplets, and a decrease in numbers of droplets due to disintegration into smaller droplets. These coalescence and disintegration phenomena may be caused by various factors, including the existence of packings which impede the flow of droplets. These phenomena impact the mass transfer rate from continuous to dispersed phase, and vice versa, due to a variation in the interfacial contact area and mass transfer coefficient. The observation of droplet dynamics from droplet formation until its motion through void spaces between packings is a critical factor in developing a model that can describe the performance of the packed column. The dynamics of droplets is influenced by various operational and physical variables. A droplet dynamics experiment has been undertaken, aimed at obtaining the droplet size distribution at specific heights along the column. This distribution is to be used to develop mass transfer coefficient correlations in the continuous and dispersed phases.Keywords: droplet size distribution, packed column Abstrak Evaluasi unjuk kerja ekstraksi cair-cair dalam kolom isian (packed column) hingga saat ini belum dapat memberikan hasil yang memuaskan karena korelasi-korelasi yang digunakan masih bersifat empiris serta daerah keberlakuannya sangat terbatas. Salah satu penyebab keterbatasan berlakunya korelasi tersebut ialah penggunaan anggapan bahwa dinamika cairan yang terdispersi dalam bentuk tetesan bersifat konstan (bentuk, ukuran serta jumlahnya), sehingga harga luas perpindahan massa dan harga koefisien perpindahan massa dalam kolom dianggap tetap. Kenyataannya dinamika tetesan dalam kolom tidak konstan akibat adanya tetesan yang bergabung dan pecah dalam jumlah yang tidak sama. Pada suatu harga diameter tetesan tertentu, ada penambahan jumlah tetesan akibat penggabungan tetesan tetesan yang ukurannya lebih kecil serta adanya pengurangan jumlah tetesan akibat pecahnya tetesan menjadi tetesan-tetesan yang lebih kecil. Peristiwa penggabungan dan pemecahan tetesan dapat disebabkan berbagai faktor temasuk adanya isian yang menghalangi gerakan tetesan. Kejadian tersebut akan mempengaruhi laju proses perpindahan massa dari fasa kontinyu ke fasa terdispersi atau sebaliknya, karena adanya variasi luas permukaan kontak serta koefisien perpindahan massanya. Pengamatan dinamika tetesan mulai saat pembentukan tetes hingga pergerakannya saat melewati sela-sela isian merupakan faktor penting dalam membangun model yang dapat menggambarkan unjuk kerja kolom isian. Dinamika tetesan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh berbagai variabel operasi dan variabel fisik. Eksperimen dinamika fetes yang dilakukan diarahkan untuk memperoleh distribusi ukuran tetes pada posisi ketinggian tertentu dan distribusi tersebut akan digunakan untuk pengembangan korelasi koefisien perpindahan massa difasa dispersi danfasa kontinyu.Kata kunci: distribusi ukuran tetes, kolom isian.

The Influence of PEG400 and Acetone on Polysulfone Membrane Morphology and Fouling Behaviour P.T.P. Aryanti; Shelli R. Joscarita; Anita K. Wardani; S. Subagjo; Danu Ariono; I Gede Wenten
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 48 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2016.48.2.1

Modification of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane was conducted by blending polysulfone with PEG400 and acetone as additives. The influence of each additive on the resulted membrane morphology and fouling characteristics were investigated. The experimental results showed that the hydrophilicity of the polysulfone membrane was improved by the increase of PEG400 in the polysulfone membrane. The water contact angle of the membrane was decreased from 76.1° to 38.31° when 35 %wt of PEG400 was added into the polysulfone solution, while the water content of the membrane was increased by around 38%. The high concentration of PEG400 in the polysulfone solution led to the formation of longer finger-like cavities in the membrane structure and resulted in a thicker membrane skin layer. The high concentration of PEG400 also contributed to the increase in hydraulic resistance of the membrane due to organic matter fouling. This problem could be minimized by the addition of acetone into the polysulfone solution, which resulted in a lower fouling resistance of organic matter during up to five hours of peat water filtration.

Brine Effluents: Characteristics, Environmental Impacts, and Their Handling Danu Ariono; Mubiar Purwasasmita; I Gede Wenten
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 48 No. 4 (2016)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2016.48.4.1

Brine discharge is one of the largest sources of wastewater from industrial processes. Because of the environmental impacts arising from improper treatment of brine discharge and more rigorous regulations of pollution control, industries have started to focus on waste minimization and improving the process of wastewater treatment. Several approaches have been proposed to provide a strategy for brine handling by recovering both brine and water or to remove pollutant components so it complies with environmental regulations when discharged. One of the most promising alternatives to brine disposal is reusing the brine, which results in reduction of pollution, minimizing waste volume and salt recovery. The brine may also contain valuable components that could be recovered for profitable use. Also, water recovery from brine effluent is generally performed to save water. In the case of rejected brine from desalination plants, water recovery from higher brine concentrations has huge potential for salt production. This paper gives an overview of different types of brine effluents, their sources and characteristics. Also discussed are impacts of brine on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.

Analysis of Protein Separation Mechanism in Charged Ultrafiltration Membrane Danu Ariono; Putu Teta P. Aryanti; Anita Kusuma Wardani; I Gede Wenten
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 50 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2018.50.2.4

The separation mechanism of proteins on a charged ultrafiltration membrane was analyzed using the extended Nernst"“Planck (N-P) model. The model was solved numerically based on experimental data during ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin/BSA and hemoglobin at various pH (between 5 and 8) to obtain the flux parameter (Jv). The flux parameter was used to determine the effective charge of the membrane (f) and the actual membrane porosity (Ak). These two parameters were then used to predict the transport mechanism of proteins through the charged membrane. Higher flux was obtained during the ultrafiltration of BSA compared to hemoglobin. The most effective separation of mixed proteins occurred at pH 5 (aalbumin= 5). In addition, the mobility of a single protein was lower than when it was mixed with other proteins that had different charges. The effective charges of the membranes were varied between 0.99996 to 1.0000, which means that the fixed charge on the membrane structure was higher than the concentration of proteins, thus the effective charge of the membrane was not influenced by the presence of protein charge at various pH. On the contrary, the value of Ak was influenced by the type and charge of the proteins. A decrease of negative charge along with an increase of solution pH increased the porosity of the membrane, thus reducing the rejection of proteins.

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