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Developing Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge/Skills of Lifelong Learners from Basic to Advance Learning: Exemplars, Challenges and Future Direction Thoe, Ng Khar; Jamaludin, Junainah; Pang, Yee Jiea; Choong, Careemah; Lay, Yoon Fah; Ong, Eng Tek; Durairaj, Kamalambal; Talib, Corrienna Abdul; Chin, Chee Keong
Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/dinamika.v14i1.13164

Abstract

Developing conceptual and procedural knowledge or skills of learners is ‘part and parcel’ of the roles of educators involved in teaching science and social science subjects. This article aims to espouse numerous educational reforms implemented locally, regionally, and internationally during the past decades, with exemplars and challenges elaborated. The mixed-method approach is selected as a research framework that includes the collection of qualitative data (mainly from documentary analysis, interviews, observation, and open-ended responses) and quantitative data (mainly from survey questionnaires). This article reports mainly qualitative findings that are summarised from mixed-modes of analysis on data collected through systematic review and ‘multiple-case design’, including ‘cross-case and within-case analysis’ on how conceptual and procedural knowledge and skills of learners could be enhanced through the implementation of various technology-integrated project-based programmes incorporating various effective strategies anchored on hybrid approaches in replacement of traditional methods. Case exemplars are illustrated with how these programmes serve as platforms for basic education and foundation courses from basic to advanced learning among lifelong learners. The analysis of a local programme to promote Year 4 students’ (N = 33) primary science learning using the 5E constructivist model revealed that students were mentally engaged in learning science concepts, interacting with new experiences, and able to correct misconceptions with enhanced conceptual and procedural knowledge and skills on the taught topics ‘Scientific Skills, Life Processes of Humans, and Properties of Materials’ as reflected in their increased mean scores of science achievement analysed statistically. The implementation of the ‘Learning Science and Mathematics Together’ (LeSMaT) student-centered regional learning programme that provided a guide for expected project output is also illustrated with an exemplar of how learners’ conceptual and procedural knowledge and skills in ‘environmental education’ were enhanced through the preparation of the project required for this program. The analysis of social science learning involving building foundation knowledge in economics through an international research-based internship programme revealed that students’ conceptual and procedural knowledge and skills in ‘economics’ were enhanced with the input on research methodology and the need to produce a report, which tied in with theories and the experience of their placements in various business settings that provided real-life experience related to economic issues faced during the pandemic. In the end, the significance and implications of the study are discussed with ideas for how to move forward.  
Exploring the Effect of Science Teachers’ Age Group on Technological Knowledge, Technological Content and Pedagogical Knowledge in Augmented Reality Cyril, Nelson; Thoe, Ng Khar; Sinniah, Deva Nanthini; Rajoo, Murugan; Sinniah, Sivaranjini; Adzmin, Wan Noor; Lay, Yoon Fah; Shukor, Sharfuddin Abdul
Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/dinamika.v14i1.13302

Abstract

This study describes the effect of science teachers’ cognizance of technological knowledge, technological content and pedagogical knowledge towards augmented reality across five age groups. This pilot study involved 44 science teachers from Penang, Malaysia using a 5-point Likert scale instrument. The administered survey instruments consisted of 18 questions on technological knowledge; technological content knowledge; and technological pedagogical knowledge. The analyses showed that generally teachers had good technological knowledge but their technological content and pedagogical knowledge seemed to be less.  The results also showed that two items had significant differences using the Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test. The findings would be used as a tool to revise the servicing teachers’ technological practices using augmented reality incorporated in their daily teaching and learning sessions to obtain better learning outcomes. The research findings could also be used for further research exploring other variables affecting teachers’ technological knowledge. The intervention may be used in teachers’ training curriculum and continuing professional development in terms of determining their level of technological content and pedagogical knowledge that would increase the interest of students in learning and exploring science using Augmented Reality.  
Examining the Reliability and Validity of Measuring Scales related to Informatization Instructional Leadership Using PLS-SEM Approach Li, Wei; Lay, Yoon Fah
Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/dinamika.v16i1.19768

Abstract

During the COVID-19, university teachers’ informatization instructional leadership (TIIL) was adopted in many countries. This attracted widespread attention. This research derived six factors from the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) including performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC) and behavioral intention (BI), added two new internal elements related to the individual teacher which are computer self-efficacy (CSE) and blended teaching competence (BTC). Before using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to explore the contributing factors to TIIL by assessing interrelation between constructs within extended UTAUT model in this study. This pilot study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of modified scales incorporating Use Expectancy (UE) Scale including (PE Scale and EE Scale) used to measure use expectancy, SI Scale to measure social influence, FC Scale to measure facilitating conditions, CSE Scale to measure computer self-efficacy, BTC Scale to measure blended teaching competence, BI Scale to measure behavioral intention to adopt TIIL, and the TIIL Scale to measure teachers’ informatization instructional leadership. A total of 60 teachers from the large multi-disciplinary private undergraduate universities in Xi’an city of Shaanxi province in China participated in this research. The data was collected in November-December 2022 during the middle stages of COVID-19 pandemic. The PLS-SEM approach was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the adapted scales. The internal consistency reliability was determined by composite reliability (CR) and Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent validity was assessed by outer loading and average variance extracted (AVE). Assessment of discriminant validity was measured by Fornell-Larcker criterion, Cross-loadings and Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT). Results showed after deleting nine items with lower than .40, Cronbach’s alpha values were all higher than .70. CR values were at a satisfactory level. All item values fulfilled the criteria of AVE, Fornell-Larcker criterion, cross-loadings, and HTMT. Research results revealed all adapted scales were valid and reliable to be used in future research. This study explored the influencing factors of TIIL in Chinese context, enriched the theory of TIIL, and provided practical support for the future development of TIIL.