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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
D. A. Hadi
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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CMOS ring oscillator delay cell performance: a comparative study D. A. Hadi; A. Z. Jidin; N. Ab Wahab; Madiha Z.; Nurliyana Abd Mutalib; Siti Halma Johari; Suziana Ahmad; M. Nuzaimah
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 9, No 3: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (529.147 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1757-1764

Abstract

A common voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) architecture used in the phase locked loop (PLL) is the ring oscillator (RO). RO consist of number of inverters cascaded together as the input of the first stage connected to the output of the last stage. It is important to design the RO to be work at desired frequency depend on application with low power consumption. This paper presents a review the performance evaluation of different delay cell topologies the implemented in the ring oscillator. The various topologies analyzed includes current starved delay cell, differential delay cell and current follower cell. Performance evaluation includes frequency range, frequency stability, phase noise and power consumption had been reviewed and comparison of different topologies has been discussed. It is observed that starved current delay cell have lower power consumption and the different of the frequency range is small as compared to other type of delay cell.
Development of mobile robot for measuring distance using optical quadrature encoder Madiha Zahari; NurliyanaAbd Mutalib; Nurnadia Natasya Affendi; N. Hashim; D. A. Hadi; Siti Halma Johari; N. Ab Wahab; Suziana Ahmad
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 18, No 2: May 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp745-749

Abstract

This paper describes the design and development of a measuring tool using a mobile robot. At present, contractors are measuring distances using measuring tape which has few limitations. This includes using of another manpower or a marking flag. The Robot Measuring System is designed to measure distances at multiple conditions such as smooth and rough surface. An optical quadrature encoder is used as a sensor to measure the distances while a program is installed in Arduino Uno for reading and data collection. Graphical User Interface (GUI) was created using Android software so that the movement of the robot can be controlled using a smartphone within a Bluetooth range. An experiment was conducted to test the reliability in terms of accuracy and precision. The best accuracy and precision were obtained when the robot speed is at 90 cm/s on the plain tiles, 80 cm/s on the tar road and 90 cm/s on the grass surface. The robot speed needs to be adjusted accordingly based on the surfaces in order to get an accurate result. This paper proved that the robot measuring system was successfully designed, implemented and analyzed.
Co-Authors A. Z. Jidin M. Nuzaimah Madiha Z. Madiha Zahari N. Ab Wahab N. Hashim Nurliyana Abd Mutalib NurliyanaAbd Mutalib Nurnadia Natasya Affendi Siti Halma Johari Suziana Ahmad