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Analysis of Time Diversity Gain for Satellite Communication Link based on Ku-Band Rain Attenuation Data Measured in Malaysia Islam Md. Rafiqul; Ali Kadhim Lwas; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Md Moktarul Alam; Jalel Chebil; Jit Singh Mandeep; Alhareth Zyoud
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 8, No 4: August 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

This paper reports a study on mitigation of propagation impairments on Earth–space communication links. The study uses time diversity as a technique for mitigating rain propagation impairment in order to rectify rain fade. Rain attenuation time series along earth-to-satellite link were measured for two years period at 12.255 GHz in Malaysia. The time diversity technique was applied on measured rain fade to investigate the level of possible improvement in system. Time diversity gain from measured one-minute rain attenuation for two years period was estimated and significant improvement was observed with different delays of time. These findings will be utilized as a useful tool for link designers to apply time diversity as a rain fade mitigation technique in Earth-satellite communications systems.

Investigation of time diversity gain for earth to satellite link using rain rate gain Md. Moktarul Alam; Islam Md. Rafiqul; Khairayu Badron; Farah Dyana A. R.; Hassaan Dao; M. Rofiqul Hassan; Ali Kadhim Lwas
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The utilization of satellites for communication systems has expanded considerably in recent years. C and Ku-bands of frequencies are already congested because of high demand. Future directions of satellite communications are moving towards Ka and V-bands. Earth to satellite communications are moving towards higher frequency bands in future which are more sensitive to environment. Rain causes severe degradation in performances at higher frequency bands specially in tropical regions. Several mitigation techniques are proposed to design reliable system. Time diversity is one of the potential candidate for it. However, time diversity analysis requires measured rain attenuation data. For future high frequency link design those data are not available at most of the places. This thesis proposes a method to utilize 1-minute rain rate to analyze time diversity technique at any desired frequency. This paper proposes a method to utilize 1-minute rain rate to analyse time diversity rain rate gain. In proposed method, it is assumed that rain rate gain with delay can represent rain attenuation gain with delay for same period of time at same location. The characteristics of rain rate and rain attenuation almost same because the attenuation causes due to rain. One year measured rain rate in Malaysia is used to predict rain rate gain. The measured gain at 12.225 GHz signal is compared with that predicted by ITU-R based on rain rate measurement and is found good agreement. Hence it is recommended that the time diversity gain can be predicted using measured rain rate for any desired frequencies.

Site Diversity Gain for Earth-to-Satellite Links Using Rain Intensity Measurement Md Rafiqul Islam; Ali Kadhim Lwas; M. H. Habaebi
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 5, No 4: December 2017
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v5i4.364

Site diversity technique is effective method to overcome rain attenuation, mostly in the tropics where high precipitation is predominant. The method is analyzed based on measurements in two locations separated by 37.36 Km in Malaysia. From concurrent measured rain intensities of two locations at IIUM and UKM for one year, it was found that only ten concurrent events had occurred containing highest rain intensities of 18 mm/h with outage probability of 0.00154% on two locations out of about 381 events experienced over one year period. These findings will be very useful for Earth-to-satellite link designers to improve reliability by applying site diversity as a rain fade mitigation technique at any frequency.

Investigation of time diversity gain for earth to satellite link using rain rate gain Md. Moktarul Alam; Islam Md. Rafiqul; Khairayu Badron; Farah Dyana A. R.; Hassaan Dao; M. Rofiqul Hassan; Ali Kadhim Lwas
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The utilization of satellites for communication systems has expanded considerably in recent years. C and Ku-bands of frequencies are already congested because of high demand. Future directions of satellite communications are moving towards Ka and V-bands. Earth to satellite communications are moving towards higher frequency bands in future which are more sensitive to environment. Rain causes severe degradation in performances at higher frequency bands specially in tropical regions. Several mitigation techniques are proposed to design reliable system. Time diversity is one of the potential candidate for it. However, time diversity analysis requires measured rain attenuation data. For future high frequency link design those data are not available at most of the places. This thesis proposes a method to utilize 1-minute rain rate to analyze time diversity technique at any desired frequency. This paper proposes a method to utilize 1-minute rain rate to analyse time diversity rain rate gain. In proposed method, it is assumed that rain rate gain with delay can represent rain attenuation gain with delay for same period of time at same location. The characteristics of rain rate and rain attenuation almost same because the attenuation causes due to rain. One year measured rain rate in Malaysia is used to predict rain rate gain. The measured gain at 12.225 GHz signal is compared with that predicted by ITU-R based on rain rate measurement and is found good agreement. Hence it is recommended that the time diversity gain can be predicted using measured rain rate for any desired frequencies.

Investigation of time diversity gain for earth to satellite link using rain rate gain Md. Moktarul Alam; Islam Md. Rafiqul; Khairayu Badron; Farah Dyana A. R.; Hassaan Dao; M. Rofiqul Hassan; Ali Kadhim Lwas
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The utilization of satellites for communication systems has expanded considerably in recent years. C and Ku-bands of frequencies are already congested because of high demand. Future directions of satellite communications are moving towards Ka and V-bands. Earth to satellite communications are moving towards higher frequency bands in future which are more sensitive to environment. Rain causes severe degradation in performances at higher frequency bands specially in tropical regions. Several mitigation techniques are proposed to design reliable system. Time diversity is one of the potential candidate for it. However, time diversity analysis requires measured rain attenuation data. For future high frequency link design those data are not available at most of the places. This thesis proposes a method to utilize 1-minute rain rate to analyze time diversity technique at any desired frequency. This paper proposes a method to utilize 1-minute rain rate to analyse time diversity rain rate gain. In proposed method, it is assumed that rain rate gain with delay can represent rain attenuation gain with delay for same period of time at same location. The characteristics of rain rate and rain attenuation almost same because the attenuation causes due to rain. One year measured rain rate in Malaysia is used to predict rain rate gain. The measured gain at 12.225 GHz signal is compared with that predicted by ITU-R based on rain rate measurement and is found good agreement. Hence it is recommended that the time diversity gain can be predicted using measured rain rate for any desired frequencies.

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